Dose spirituality have a place in the organisation when a manager is Research Paper

Dose spirituality have a place in the organisation when a manager is tackling issue such as sustainability - Research Paper Example also involves the psychological contract that exists between the employee and the organization for acknowledging the connectivity to the humanity, ecology, community, selfless work, integrity, and care. Fornaciari and Dean (2001) argue that, it has facilitated the linkage to ethics and values in order to allow for the alignment of the organization values in accordance to their philosophical or religious roots. Through this, the managers are able to understand spiritual yearnings of the employees in order to help them in establishing ways for addressing the work of the organization. Mohamed, Wisnieski, Askar and Syed (2004) explains that, it also provides with a deeper allegiance that increases the discretionally effort that in turn fosters the organization sustainability. In the instances of the employee motivation being low, the engagement of the employee to the flourishing of the organizational leads to the profits that are targeted also for the sustainability of the organization. The spirituality in the organization encourages employees to flourish thus leading to a good organizational performance improvement, thus the spiritual initiatives tend to have the influence on the financial return. Foundation for workplace spirituality. (2006). Resources: Organizational spirituality – away with the fairies. Retrieved on 9 march 2012 from

A Critical Discussion on the Issue of Gay Marriage Essay

A Critical Discussion on the Issue of Gay Marriage - Essay Example For the purpose of arguments, the term traditional marriage will represent a marriage between consenting adults of opposite genders, and the term gay marriage will relate to male/male, female/female as well as transgender marriage. One could argue that the majority of arguments against gay marriage are moralistic in nature. The first such example is those gay relationships and by extension gay marriage are forbidden by most religious texts. By contrast, traditional marriages are held up as the preferred model using religious texts. According to Eckholm (2011), it was identified that homosexuality in regards to the Christian faith was not in accordance with God's law on sexual morality. Some people who oppose gay marriage would do so because they differentiate between religious and civil unions. As such, some people only recognize religious unions and in specific terms oppose the idea of the state overseeing and approving marriages. As gay relationships are forbidden in religious text s then gay marriage would represent a sort of sacrilege and people who adhere to a religious lifestyle may oppose gay marriages for this reason. ... From this perspective, it could also be argued that gay marriages represent a sort of slippery slope that will ultimately lead to the destruction of traditional marriages and by extension the collapse of 'traditional' society. The reasoning behind this argument is that in the eyes of some people who oppose gay marriage, the very institution of traditional marriage is for couples to raise children in a wholesome family-oriented environment, and these children go on to live productive lives and raise children of their own (Presumably also in a wholesome family environment). As is the case that gay couples cannot conceive children on their own, then gay marriage will be built on a foundation that is not considered traditional. As such some people who oppose gay marriage would do so as a means of preserving traditional societal norms.  

History of All Saints Church Margaret Street

History of All Saints Church Margaret Street 1.0 INTRODUCTION Figure 1: All Saints Margaret Street All Saints Margaret Street, (1849-59) a almost hidden beautiful church that luckily had pointed out by Hengry-Russell Hitchcock more than 40 years ago and now the church had listed Grade 1 Anglican Church in London, England(1).William Butterfield was the architect who designed this building and this church had been said as Butterfield’s masterpiece.  This church marks a turning point in the Gothic Revival building style it’s also a leading building on High Victorian Gothic style that can potray British architecture around 1850 to 1870.This church was built as a model church of Ecclesiological Society(2)and the church stands on the north side of Margaret street in Fitzrovia, that’s a place near Oxford Street. Its located in an extremely narrow site and is set back from mainstreet in a delightful court yard between the vicarage and the choir school.(3) __________________________________________________________ (1) Saints, Margaret Street, available on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Saints,_Margaret_Street, accessed on 3th May 2015, 04;45pm. (2) Sir Banister Fletcher, A History of Architecture Nineteenth Edition, England, Borough Green, Sevenoaks, Kent TN15 8PH, UK, page 1095 (3) All Saints Margaret Street-London’s Hidden Victorian Gothic Masterpiece, available on http://www.guidedwalksinlondon.co.uk/blog/read_81612/all-saints-margaret-street-londons-hidden-victorian-gothic-masterpiece.html, accessed on 3th May 2015, 05;05pm. 2.0 Building History Figure2: Frederick Oakeley Portrait Source: available on http://www.hymnary.org/person/Oakeley_F accessed on 6th May 2015, 01:01am Figure 3: William Dodsworth portrait Source: available on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Dodsworth accessed on 6th May 2015, 01:03 am All Saints got a lot of history that when it stands on Margaret Street since 1760s.The church had proceeded a lots of thing such as the various gradation of Dissent and Low-Churchism until 1829, William Dodsworth that’s a Tractarian become the chapel’s incumbent and he later converted to Roman Catholicism, same like one of his successors who are Federick Oakeley. Federick Oakeley said the chapel as ’a complete paragon of ugliness’ it means that he don’t like the chapel design and think it was very ugly at the time before he resign the chapel’s inclument and this word had gave the Idea to rebuild the chapel as the correct ecclesiastical style that he think about. This rebuilding chapel idea had success collected a sum of almost  £30, 000 for the rebuilding purpose. After this scheme he was succeeded by his assistant that is William Upton Richards and he was decided to carry on this rebuilding chapel plan. In 1845, Alexander Beresford said that this plan can combined with the project of the Cambridge Camden Society that they want to found a model church and his proposal had approved by Upton Richards, George Chandler who are the rector of ALL Souls, and Charles Blomfield, the Bishop of London. Sir Stephen Glynne and Sir Alexander Beresford Hope had appointed by the Cambridge Camden Society to take the fully control and oversee work of the architectural and ecclesiological aspects. Sir Stephen Glynne was unable to actively participate in this project and only Sir Alexander Beresford Hope took the charge of this rebuilding project.(4) After the plan had confirmed, William Butterfield was selected as the architect of this rebuild chapel project and this is a curious choice and they also paid Margaret street  £14, 500.(4)The last services for the old chapel was on Easter Monday, 1850.After that the foundation stone of the new building was laid All Saints’ Day of the year by Edward Bouverie Pusey. The services was held on the other temporary chapel that’s in Titchfield Street for the next nine years because of the rebuild construction for the new chapel. On 28 May 1859, the new church was finally finished the rebuild and the chapel had consecrated by Dr Trait who are the Bishop of London at that time(5). The total cost for the new church was a highly cost, including the site cost and endowments the cost was around  £70, 000. The donation helped the church a lot on this rebuilt project. ___________________________________ (4) English Church Architecture- City of Westminister: London Borough. All Saints, Margaret Street (TQ 292 815) available on http://www.english-church-architecture.net/london city of westminster/all saints, margaret street/all_saints, _margaret_street.htm, accessed on 6th May 2015, on 01:29 am. (5)All Saints, Margaret Street , available on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Saints, _Margaret_Street, accessed on 6th May 2015, on 01:40AM. 3.0 Architecture of Building All Saints by William Butterfield had brought a new grandeur to the Gothic Revival building style and the Gothic Revival style was popular during the 1800s.’Structural Polychromy’ had became Butterfield’s habitual contribution to the Gothic Revivalist style of church architecture and the structural polychromy is the used of coloured material especially stone and bricks and tiles to make a building where colour and pattern are special in the structure. (6) In 2014 Simon Thurley who are the Chief Executive of English Heritage had listed All Saints as one of the ten most important building in England. Sir John Betjeman had said the design of the church showed Butterfield ‘going on from where the Middle Age left off’. Charles Locke Eastlake who was the 19th century architect and writer had wrote Butterfield’s design was ’a bold and magnificent endeavor to shake off the trammels of antiquarian precedent, which had long fettered the progress of the Revival, to create not a new style , but development of previous styles’. John Ruskin the Victorian critic had wrote something after seeing All Saints and he wrote’ Having done this, we may do anything;†¦and I believe it to be possible for us, not only to equal, but far to surpass, in some respects, any Gothic yet seen in Northern countries.(7) ___________________________________ (6) All Saints’ Church, Margaret Street, Church London, United Kingdom, available on http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/15911/All-Saints-Church-Margaret-Street, accessed on 6th May 2015, 01:59 AM. (7) All Saints, Margaret Street , available on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Saints, _Margaret_Street, accessed on 6th May 2015, on 02:28AM. Figure 4: All Saints, Margaret Street exterior Source: available on http://www.londonarchitectureblog.com/search?q=all+saints+margaret+street+ accessed on 6th May 2015, 07:30AM 3.1 Building Exterior For the building exterior William Butterfield had use the innovate building material that is red brick. The church’s contrast to the other Gothic Revival churches of the 1840s that is common built by the grey Kentish ragstone and All Saints had been built by the red bricks. At that time most of the cheap churches use the red brick as the building material but Butterfield chose the red brick and this church is the first important building where brick was used decoratively. The red brick will banded and patterned with the black bricks and the sipre is banded with stone. All the decoration will make into the structure and this made All Saints the first example of ‘structure polychromy’ in London.(8) The broach spire soaring 69 meter high and it was the second height in London and it still visible above and between the shops at a few of point along the Oxford street. The columns internally include Aberdeen granite, serpentine, veined alabaster, the so-called Derbyshir e fossil ‘marble’ actually is a hard limestone capable of taking polish and among the true marbles, red Languedoc, yellow Sienna and green Connemara. And this such a palette actually rather cosmopolitan for William Butterfield that showed he was discriminate in favor for vernacular materials. William Butterfield had made his the best use of the limited space that available such about 100’ square that is church guide and placing his church along the back and setting out a courtyard at the front, covered by the place of vicar stay that’s call vicarage on the right side and a parish on the left side. The only windows able to be constructed in the North side of the clerestory because of adjoined other buildings to the north and east. The tower is the most striking feature for the external which has angle buttresses reaching up to the base of the bellstage and the bell-opening stands of two very tall and narrow. Two–light geometric bell-opening per wall and set together in the recessed rectangles with denticulation in moulded brick above.and a needle spire which is clearly the product its author. The pattern in the brickwork at the church consist chiefly of a rich of horizontal bands, zigzag and lozenges(9). As All Saints was a metropolitan church and there was a plenty of money available for the church rebuild, William Butterfield no need to limit himself on the basis of the generous capital for him to design this masterpiece. The church had success absorb people attention and although it had its critics and it was potent source for an entire generation of British architects. ___________________________________ (8) All Saints, Margaret Street , available on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Saints, _Margaret_Street, accessed on 6th May 2015, on 07:58 AM (9) ) English Church Architecture- City of Westminister: London Borough. All Saints, Margaret Street (TQ 292 815) available on http://www.english-church-architecture.net/london city of westminster/all saints, margaret street/all_saints, _margaret_street.htm, accessed on 6th May 2015, on 08:20 am. 3.2 Building Interior Figure 5: All Saints Margaret Street’s interior, available on http://www.londonarchitectureblog.com/search?q=all+saints+margaret+street+, accessed on 6th May 2015 10:30AM All Saints, Margaret Street also very famous for its beautiful interior design and decoration. The interior of All Saints is more brightly coloured than the exterior of the church. The church’s interior is richly decorated with granite, marble, alabaster and tiles. Nikolaus Pevsner, the architectural historian had telling the church’s interior as ’dazzling, through in an eminently High Victorian ostentatiousness or obtrusiveness. †¦No part the wall is left undecorated. From everywhere the praise of the Lord is drummed into you. Figure 6:Church’s layout plan of the church from the 1856 Builder, available on http://www.victorianweb.org/art/architecture/butterfield/6.html, accessed on 6th May 2015, 11:05AM A three-bay nave and two-bay chancel running along the center had formed in the building. On the North side, from the west to east that’s a three-bay aisle, a short Lady Chapel and organ chamber that’s terminate about half a bay short of the East. At the south that’s a two-bay aisle alongside the two eastern bays of the nave, leading into another chapel with vestry far to the east, and into a baptistery surmounted by the tower and spire to the west side and there is also a small S. porch. The baptistery is divided by a solid wall that’s from the westernmost bay of the nave, no scared about the structural necessity because the wall can support the weight of the tower above(10). That’s a series of painting on decorated wall covered at the east wall of the chanel that’s painted by Ninian Comper in 1909 and William Dyce was the people who work as the restoration at the earlier time. At the north side wall a large ceramic tile freized had been dec orated at there and designed by William Butterfield. The wall describe out a variety of figures from the Old Testament, a central Navity scene depictions of Early Church Fatherd and it painted by Alexander Gibbs and fired by Hengry Poole and Sons in 1873(10).The stained glass windows are limited in the church because of the density of the buildings around All Saints and that are mostly located in the upper part of the building. Alfred Gerente but this designed the original windows but his work was not held in high regard and then replaced. The originally fitted largest west window by Gerente in 1853-1858 was replaced in 1877 by a design by Alexander Gribbs based on the Tree of Jesse window in Wells Cathedral. The clerestory’s glass date from 1853 and Michael O’Connor designed the east window of the south chancel aisle which show Christ in Majesty with ST Edward and St Augustine. The baptistery in the south-west corner of the church was features an image of the Pelican in her Piety in the ceiling tiles that’s a symbol of the fall and redemption of man(11). The nave arcades are formed by cluster of four major and four minor deeply-cut stiff leaf capitals, supporting two centred arches bearing waves and rolls with fillets. The church’s spandrels are decorated embed b the coloured stone and mastic. The nave roof is characterized above all by the way in which its painted arched support simulate stone. The painted wall tiles was depicting between other tableaus. The chancel arch from the corbel shafts and half arches had cross the aisles between the aisles and chapels. The chancel had vaulted in two quadripartile bays and add of a ridge rib which done by William Butterfield and the wall were painted and gilded shortly as what William Butterfield wished. The Minton floor-tile patterns cover the the All Saints show the ordinary build-up in effect as on e passes from east to west. As usual, Butterfield was very attention on his font and pulpit. Maybe the pulpit is a little heavy but the decoration is still very nice. The brown marble shafts with stiff leaf capitals supported the drum and the green narrower shafts surrounded it.(12) ___________________________________ (10) All Saints, Margaret Street , available on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Saints, _Margaret_Street, accessed on 6th May 2015, on 09:20 AM. (11) All Saints, Margaret Street , available on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Saints, _Margaret_Street, accessed on 7th May 2015, on 10:05 AM. (12) ) English Church Architecture- City of Westminister: London Borough. All Saints, Margaret Street (TQ 292 815) available on http://www.english-church-architecture.net/london city of westminster/all saints, margaret street/all_saints, _margaret_street.htm, accessed on 8th May 2015 on 11:30 AM. 4.0 ARCHITECT, WILLIAM BUTTERFIELD Figure 7: William Butterfield’s portrait Source: William Butterfield available on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Butterfield accessed on 8th May 2015, 01:39 PM William Butterfield, born on 7 September 1814 and dead on 23 February 1900 when he was 85 years old. A British architect influential in the Gothic Revival architecture style in England. Sometime he had been called as the Oxford movement’s most original architect and he also introduced an architectural realism that’s including materials of contrasting textures and colorful patterns clearly expressed. He is also noted for his polychromy that’s the practice of decorating architectural element, sculpture that’s in a variety colour..Conservative estimates he had done 25 architectural projects included churches, school and hospital, 67 drawings are design for the ecclesiastical objects.(13) 4.1 BIOGRAPHY William Butterfield was one of the nine children in his family and he live in a seriously non-conformist family but he was a very high church despite his non-conformist family .His father operated a chemist’s shop in The Strand, London(14). He was educated locally until he was 16 years old he started apprenticed to a builder in Pimlico that’s name Thomas Arber. But later William Butterfield later went to study architecture with an architect name EL Blackburn because of the Thomas Barber later went bankrupt. After his study he became an assistant and articled to an architect name Harvey Eginton that’s practicing in Worceseter . In 1840 he moved back to where he belong and launched his own architectural practice at Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London, England. This was the early life of the William Butterfield but his early life did not change his career and his architectural concept in the future.(15) From 1842 William Butterfield associate vigorously with the Cam bridge Camden Society and later develop into the Ecclesiological Society. This Society was set up by the students of Cambridge Univesity and they set up this society is for studying Gothic architecture in general and church in particular. They became one of the effect in advocate a return to the Gothic Style of architecture in England. He gave a lot of designs to the Society’s journal that’s The Ecclesiologist at the caught up in the Oxford Movement that’s a serious movement begun by John Keble that’s aim for reinvigorate the English Anglican Church. William Butterfield’s design was in a mediaval Gothic style that’s known as Gothic Revival or Victorian Gothic. Many buildings include his style such as churches, secular buildings that’s schools and colleges(16). One of his church design was All Saints, Margaret Street, in London that’s a style of building rapidly increasing throughout Britain and to every corner of the Empire in every urban buildings and churches alike. After All Saints, Margaret Street he went to design other churches, but there is one building he will remember all the time that’s Keble College, Oxford University.(17) The college was unanimously of red bricks and emphasize with black and white brick to make creation of chequerboard patterns. The chapel had been called a ‘monument to High Victorian Gothic’ it also called as he masterpiece to the High Victorian Gothic. The best thing for the chapel that’s William Butterfield think was it contains Holman’s painting ‘The Light of The World’. Unfortunately, William Butterfield’s polychrome style like all things in the world of art and architecture.it faded. After year 1875, the public begin to forget his design and he became less in requirement in the public. William Butterfield had put all of himself to his interests beyond architecture and used his hand and knowledge to design the church interior decoration and future. He liked to use the high quality and durable material in all of his design. He was such a quiet man but he got a deeply religious for his conviction. Rigid and austere was his personal priciples and this principle showed on his design. He know how to use the polychrome scheme with a strong massing of shapes and the high steeples. He also used very strong colour but he preferred not to spoiled the colour of the materials provided. He used the marble, alabaster, stone, brick, colour tile and also mosaic that extensively to provide decorative colour for his philosophy(18). The famous buildings William Butterfield had design was Balliol College Chapel, Oxford , St Augustine’s Church in Penarth Glamorgan), Rugby School, Dorchester Abbey. In year 1884, William Butterfield received an award that’s RIBA Gold Medal. After 6 years in 1900 , he dead in London. He was buried in Tottenham Cemetery, Haringey that’s North side of London. The grave can saw easily from the public path through the cemetery. A blue plaque had simply states â€Å"William Butterfield, 1814-1900, Architect lived here† and just simply recognized on it.

The Existential Progression of King Lear Essay -- King Lear Essays

The Existential Progression of King Lear The human condition is the scrutiny of art, Prince Hamlet notes the purpose of art is to hold the mirror against nature. King Lear is a masterful inquiry into the human condition. King Lear is confronted with existence in its barest sense and is forced to adapt to that existence. His adaptation to the absurd provides an invaluable insight for all into the universal problem of existence. Lear is forced into an existential progression that will be traced with the phenomenon of consciousness; the result of this progression is seen ironically in that Lear finds satisfaction in despair. The point of departure of Lear into the unknown of existence is seen when he plunges himself into the harshness and relentlessness of nature. While immersed in the storm, Lear has been reduced to the bare essentials of man, he has lost those that he perceived as loving, and despite being accompanied by the Fool and Kent, Lear is more alone than he has ever been. The daughters he thought who loved him abandoned him and have taken his kingdom. The daughter who truly loved him was banished by his irrationality; Lear is alone. The presence of the Fool and Edgar should not necessarily be looked upon as that of a companion, but rather as catalyst for Lear’s progression. As for Kent, his presence is barely felt by Lear. Lear’s isolation is critical for his progression. Similar to Sartre’s Roquentin in Nausea, isolation and loneliness are the foundations for becoming existentially aware. â€Å"The tempest in my mind/ Doth from my senses take all feeling else†(III, iv 13-14)[1] Lear is completely alone in the universe, abandoned by love and cloistered from all outside emotion; he is now prepared to perceive the realit... ...a masterful work of art is that it conveys this universal truth, and at the same time conveys the sharp emotional anxiety that is concurrent with the universal truth. Lear constructs the universal human condition. Works Cited 1-William Shakespeare. King Lear edited by Russle Fraser.(New York: Penguin Putnam Inc., 1982). All future references will come from this text. 2-G. Wilson Knight. The Wheel of Fire. (London: Mehuen & Co., 1949), pg 193 3-Northrop Frye. On Shakespeare. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986), pg 113 4-Harold Bloom. Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human. (New York: Riverhead Books, 1998), pg 503 5-Bloom, pg. 503 6-Bloom, pg. 504 7-Bloom, pg. 505 8-Descartes. Meditations. Dr. Nighan's British Literature and AP page: http://stjohns-chs.org/english/Seventeenth/Sev-bk.html 9-Knight, pg. 196 10-Frye, pg. 119

Factors That Influence Job Design Essay

Factors that influence job design, hiring, training and performance appraisals that supervisors must take into account. Staff members are required to perform a clear set of job activities that are designed to accomplish organizational objectives (Lewis, Packard, & Lewis, 2007). There are two considerations that should be taken into account when designing specific staff roles. The first consideration is that the job will need to be designed to meet accomplishment of program objectives, satisfaction of key holder expectations; and the clients. The second consideration is that the job should have incorporated elements that provide a working environment for employee’s that is high quality. If employees have a quality work environment, they will find their jobs stimulating, meaningful and will be more committed to organizational goals (Lewis, Packard, & Lewis, 2007). Read more:  Describe factors which may influence children’s development essay Other factors that may influence job design are the need for basic level of knowledge and skills, pay and working conditions. Factors that influence hiring are qualifications, education and specific prior experience. Screening grids and checklists are used to organize key information about candidates. The grid provides information about the candidates that relate to qualifications, educations, and prior experience. A check list is also used to provide details that will reflect the ratings for meeting, not meeting, or exceeding expectations. After the screening has been completed, only the best candidates will be considered for further processing. There will also be a need for a certain degree of match between the goals of the applicant and the mission of the organization (Lewis, Packard, & Lewis, 2007). Careful consideration is given to the use of resources and participant motivation, and so training programs will be based on the assessment of real needs. Certain factors influence job training and these factors are management support, legitimate training needs, Learning objectives, experienced trainer, learner ability and motivation, readiness and emotional support. The most influential factor is management support. Management should provide an environment that is conducive to learning, and encourage professional development. Legitimate training needs will need to be considered, and through a training needs analysis, a deficiency in employee performance can be determined (McDonough, 2011). Learning objectives that are set prior to the start of training are considered an important key factor. Effective trainers will ensure that the expectations  as well as the needs of the employee are met. Employees must have a readiness, ability and the motivation to learn. Employees that perceive learning as a benefit will be motivated, ready and willing to learn. Immediate benefits of new skills learned will increase employee emotional investment. Emotional investment helps employee’s to retain and to relate to the new information they have learned (McDonough, 2011). Performance appraisals can be influenced by certain factors, and it is important that supervisors give these factors careful consideration. These factors are documented process, evaluation of results and follow-up and performance improvement. Performance appraisals are an important process for supervisors and management, and are used to identify areas of strength and areas that need improvement. Documented process will ensure that the performance appraisal will be effective. Supervisors should be reminded that this process exists, how it works, and where to get assistance if it is needed. Periodic training of performance appraisals may be needed. Evaluation results will provide general information about the performance level of the employees (Chron, n.d.) Supervisors and employees should use this performance appraisal as a tool that will help increase performance. Members of Team â€Å"A† discussed personal challenges of supervisor or as a supervised employee. Reading through the personal challenges, I found that we all encountered familiar challenges. Some of these challenges related to the different personalities within the work place and how it can affect a team. Jealousy became a factor as a supervisor, and employees became disrespectful and resentful. Receiving a promotion over other employees that believed they deserved it, were soon scrutinized by other coworkers. Stress relating to longer hours and increased responsibilities is another fam iliar challenge we all shared. Motivating employees was a challenge that was shared as a supervisor, and the realization of how important motivation is to the team.

Coca-Cola vs Pepsi Essay

wo of the largest and most profitable corporations in the United States are the Atlanta, Georgia based Coca-Cola Company and the New York based Pepsi Cola Company. While both are called â€Å"colas† they both attempt to address the same target tastes but from different approaches. Coke was the first on market with what is still a â€Å"secret† formula and Pepsi followed with a similar (not exact) taste. Since taste is very much a factor of your personal likes, either or neither may appeal to you or seem sweeter (Inforefuge.com. 2011). This paper will discuss the similarities and differences in the processes used by Coca-Cola and PepsiCo for place, price, and promotion. Place and Price The marketing exposure of PepsiCo and Coca-Cola is everywhere ranging from commercials, billboards, and mail advertisements all over the world. Although they target the same markets, they both use different approaches to their marketing strategies. This is evident when comparing the two companies’ websites. When browsing the Coca-Cola website you will experience a more conservative style; there is not a variety of colors besides the traditional â€Å"Coca-Cola red† in which, most their products are packaged and advertised. It is the complete opposite for PepsiCo, as their website flashes promotions for free music downloads and reminds browsers that they are the official drink sponsor of the NFL. After browsing the websites and comparing the two, you will come to understand that Coca-Cola has more of an International approach to marketing, whereas PepsiCo caters to more of the American†¦ coca The Coca Cola corporation is a beverage company and is defined to be the most well known trade mark in the world, and it is justly so. The Company owns or licenses and markets more than 500 nonalcoholic beverage brands, primarily sparkling beverages, but also a variety of still beverages, such as waters, enhanced waters, juices and juice drinks, ready-to-drink teas and coffees, and energy and sports drinks. It owns and markets a range of nonalcoholic sparkling beverage brands, which includes Coca-Cola, Diet Coke, Fanta and Sprite. The Coca Cola products appeal to a wide range of people throughout the world from all races, genders, and ages. Coca Cola is well  known for its worldwide popularity as its products are sold to over 200 countries. The company business units include Eurasia and Africa, Europe, Latin America, North America, Pacific, Central Japan, and Great Plains and Honest Tea, Inc., in the United States . Coca-Cola and Pepsi are the two most popular and widely recognized beverage brands in the world. They have been competing in the soft drink sector for over a century and both companies enjoy a high degree of brand consciousness globally. Both companies try to market as part of a lifestyle. Coca-Cola uses phrases such as â€Å"Coke side of life† in their website, while Pepsi uses phrases such as â€Å"Hot stuff† in their web, to promote the idea that Pepsi is â€Å"in sync† with the cool side of life. Ironically, both Pepsi and Coke have similar beginnings: both were created in the 19th century and both were the results of the experimental work of innovative pharmacists. Coke was created in 1886 by Atlanta pharmacist John Pemberton while Pepsi was developed in 1898 by North Carolina pharmacist and drugstore owner, Caleb Bradham. The primary purpose of this report is to identify and analyze the two dominant companies in the soft drink industry and determine the strongest performer as an investment opportunity. Ability to pay current liabilities The current ratio is mainly used to give an idea of the company’s ability to pay back its short-term liabilities (debt and payables) with its short-term assets (cash, inventory, receivables). The higher the current ratio, the more capable the company is of paying its obligations. A ratio under 1 suggests that the company would be unable to pay off its obligations if they came due at that point. While this shows the company is not in good financial health, it does not necessarily mean that it will go bankrupt, as there are many ways to access financing, but it is definitely not a good sign. Based on the financial statements below, Coca Cola has a current ratio of 1.17 while Pepsi is at 1.10. The current ratio can give a sense of the efficiency of a company’s operating cycle or its ability to turn its product into cash. Comparison of Pepsi and Coca Cola Financials Introduction Coca-Cola and Pepsi are the two most popular and widely recognized beverage brands in the world. They have been competing in the soft drink sector for over a century and both companies enjoy a high degree of brand consciousness globally. Both companies try to market as part of a lifestyle. Coca-Cola uses phrases such as â€Å"Coke side of life† in their website, while Pepsi uses phrases such as â€Å"Hot stuff† in their web, to promote the idea that Pepsi is â€Å"in sync† with the cool side of life. Ironically, both Pepsi and Coke have similar beginnings: both were created in the 19th century and both were the results of the experimental work of innovative pharmacists. Coke was created in 1886 by Atlanta pharmacist John Pemberton while Pepsi was developed in 1898 by North Carolina pharmacist and drugstore owner, Caleb Bradham. The primary purpose of this report is to identify and analyze the two dominant companies in the soft drink industry and determine the str ongest performer as an investment opportunity. Ability to pay current liabilities The current ratio is mainly used to give an idea of the company’s ability to pay back its short-term liabilities (debt and payables) with its short-term assets (cash, inventory, receivables). The higher the current ratio, the more capable the company is of paying its obligations. A ratio under 1 suggests that the company would be unable to pay off its obligations if they came due at that point. While this shows the company is not in good financial health, it does not necessarily mean that it will go bankrupt, as there are many ways to access financing, but it is definitely not a good sign. Based on the financial statements below, Coca Cola has a current ratio of 1.17 while Pepsi is at 1.10. The current ratio can give a sense of the efficiency of a company’s operating cycle or its ability to turn its product into cash. In this particular case, Companies that have trouble getting paid on their receivables or have long inventory turnover can run into liquidity  problems because they are unable to alleviate their obligations. Because business operations differ in each industry, it is always more useful to compare companies within the same industry. This is another side of the rivalry between these corporations. Profits over the past three years The Return on Assets (ROA) is an indicator of how profitable a company is relative to its total assets. ROA gives an idea as to how efficient management is at using its assets to generate earnings. Calculated by dividing a company’s annual earnings by its total assets, ROA is displayed as a percentage. Sometimes this is referred to as â€Å"return on investment†. The formula for return on assets is: ROA = Net income / Total Assets. The Return on Equity is the amount of net income returned as a percentage of shareholders equity. Return on equity measures a corporation’s profitability by revealing how much profit a company generates with the money shareholders have invested. ROE is expressed as a percentage and calculated as: Return on Equity = Net Income/Shareholder’s Equity. (Investopedia.com) Based on their financial statements, Coca Cola got a return on assets of 16.19%. Over the same period, PepsiCo return of assets was 9.27%. The return on equity for Coca Cola was 38.09% while Pepsi’s was 29.86%. All these numbers suggest that Coca Cola is giving a better performance than Pepsi in 2010. Pepsi is not delivering as much value to stockholders as Coca Cola. Cash Flow and Investment valuation ratio Pepsi and Coke both offer similar dividend yields of 3%. Although Pepsi’s dividend payout ratio is slightly lower than Coca Cola’s, the difference is marginal. (Finance) The Dividend Payout Ratio means the percentage of earnings paid to shareholders in dividends. The payout ratio provides an idea of how well earnings support the dividend payments. More mature companies tend to have a higher payout ratio. This ratio is calculated as Dividends per share / Earnings per share. The Dividend payout ratio for Coca Cola is 48.2% while PepsiCo is 34.8% The price/earnings ratio (P/E) is the best known of the investment valuation indicators. It is the measure of the share price relative to the annual net income earned by the firm per share. The P/E ratio has its imperfections, but it is nevertheless the most widely reported and used valuation by investment professionals and the investing  public. The financial reporting of both companies and investment research services use a basic earnings per share (EPS) figure divided into the current stock price to calculate the P/E multiple (i.e. how many times a stock is trading (its price) per each dollar of EPS). A high PE ratio generally indicates increased demand because investors anticipate earnings growth in the future. The PE ratio has units of years, which can be interpreted as the number of years of earnings to pay back purchase price. The price/earnings ratio for Coca Cola is 12.97 while PepsiCo is 16.24. (YCharts, 2011) Decision about which company is better for an investment Possibly one of the biggest rivals in Corporate America today, the battle between Coca-Cola (KO) and PepsiCo (PEP) continues to baffle not only consumers but investors as well in determining which product is a better buy. While both companies have had recent problems in emerging nations such as India by having their products be condemned for improper ingredients, a shakeup like this might be necessary to promote future growth for possibly undersold equities. While both Pepsi and Coke stand to benefit from a recovery in consumer spending, it appears that Pepsi has stronger fundamentals. For investors looking for safe dividend stocks with strong growth potential, Pepsi looks like the better choice. In terms of fundamentals, Pepsi seems to have the slight advantage. While Coca-Cola does have the higher figures, Pepsi has the better margins in terms of operating margins, revenue, and profit which is more important for growing companies. Pepsi also has, according to Yahoo Finance, been upgraded more times than Coca-Cola during the last few months, signaling a favorable sentiment among investment banks. In terms of guidance, both companies look to secure better procedures in the emerging markets with their products which should hurt earnings for a while but eventually boost them due to economies of scale. However, recently Pepsi has had positive surprise EPS statements during its quarterly results. While Coca-Cola has also reported similar reports, the findings were at a much smaller margin, barely affecting shares. What is more important, in determining a choice between these equities, is the technical analysis involved. During the past year Coca-Cola has only remain in a five dollar range, showing little fluctuation patterns for speculators or investors. While such a figure may be encouraging for fixed income  advocates, in reality, since 2000, Coca-Cola has barely fluctuated at all in its 20 point range, showing no signs of potential growth. While the situation is unfortunate, it looks as if, like Microsoft, Coca-Cola has increased in terms of value to its maximum, and pretty soon diseconomies of scale may be evident for this once prosperous company causing shares to drop in the future. On the other hand, Pepsi has seen continued growth throughout its tenure in a nice steady growth pattern. While speculators may not be encourage by the slow appreciation of the stock, long term investors may favor such a pattern as it does not seem the price of Pepsi has peaked. The company is still in the prime of its career and should carry the stock to higher numbers in both fundamentals and shares for at least one more decade. By investing now, investors have the opportunity to see Pepsi rise to near 80-100 points by 2010 and possibly even further by 2015. While the wait may be more tedious than other penny-stocks, the process will be relativity stress free as investors will be allowed to see their capital gains appreciate over the years. Such as a process is also favorable with its dividend payoff which allows for reinvestments to increase gains. Non-Financial criteria to consider About Pepsi, recently has appointed a CEO with an Indian background who may look more favorable than Coca-Cola to the emerging markets. Such a basic presence may add increased pressure to Coca-Cola to spend more money on advertisements and other apparels to strike a similar chord in these markets as its soft drink counterpart. While it is genuinely assumed that Coca-Cola is the king of its industry, times are slowly changing for the worse for this tremendous corporation and looking more and more favorable its hated rival in PepsiCo. According to stock analysts, Pepsi has a lot more exposure to commodities with respect to its Frito-Lays and Quaker Oats, when commodity prices were falling; it gave more wiggle room on the bottom line. But now that commodity prices are probably going to increase in the next year to year and a half, which opens up the door for Coke to expand their lead. Coke always held the bigger market share in the United States. But at times, Pepsi fueled by smarter and more aggressive advertising campaigns, moved ahead. U.S. Consumption of carbonated soft drinks has steadily declined in the past decade. Part of that comes down to the array of  alternative beverages the market now offers.