`` Wicked Games `` By Abel Tesfaye - 1566 Words

In the current era of popular music in America, childhood starlets often experience a shift or change in the genre and lyrical contents of the music they produce once they reach adulthood. While childhood stars such as Miley Cyrus and Britney Spears transformed their images towards more sexually and culturally liberal ones, African American artists, on the other hand, have to contend with toning down their music explicitly to appeal more towards white America. This essay will focus entirely on the Ethiopian artist Abel Tesfaye (also known by his stage-name â€Å"The Weeknd†) and the evolution his music endured as it struggled to appeal more towards white mainstream America. Tesfaye’s departure from his drug/sex ridden references in his previous works in order to dilute his music to appeal to a wider more age friendly audience resulted in the loss of his cultural and social background, as his identity shifted to match his new pop persona. In one of Tesfaye’s earl y songs, titled â€Å"Wicked Games,† he describes a drug and depression filled love story with heavy sexual undertones coupled with emotional scarring. He sings, â€Å"Bring your love, baby, I could bring my shame / Bring the drugs, baby, I could bring my pain / I got my heart right here / I got my scars right here† (The Weeknd 9-10). This song, along with a majority of his early mixtapes, encompasses the struggles he endured as an artist battling drug abuse and emotional trauma. He states in an interview, â€Å"I didn’t have a fatherShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Song Wicked Games1697 Words   |  7 Pagesto them not having as many expectations or requirements to be able to join it as women do. Since men are dominating the industry, it is more common to hear about their masculine identity and experiences throughout their songs. I chose the song Wicked Games by The Weeknd, which was released in 2012 through his first album, Trilogy. I thought it would be inte resting to analyze a song that he wrote and produced before he became truly famous. It is common for artists to change the way they portray

A Brief Note On The Crimes Of The Past - 1706 Words

Atoning for the crimes of the past Social culture, from what we know, has an impact on the way people view the world around us, and one of the most influential we see currently is the media. As kids grow up and develop, they are exposed to a lot of media from Nickelodeon to Cartoon Network, to one of the most impactful, Disney Channel. When it comes to the media we know that over the course of time things can be skewed to look a certain way and they typically may have subliminal messages. So what message are we showing our children? When it comes to Disney and their iconic princesses, we know that they typically tend to all look the same in appearance. From Cinderella to Rapunzel, they all tend to have the same features. Straight, blonde hair and pale skin. Some concerns came with this as people started to notice these main features when it came to the disney princesses. This led to Disney including a new princess, the famous Tiana, first of her kind. However, this still begs the question as to whether or not the ne w African American Disney princess repairs the damage done by Disney over the course of time in regard to the perpetuation of racial stereotypes? Although creating Tiana is a positive step towards improvement, her creation still fails to repair the damage fostered by the perpetual stereotypes. When it comes to television, at least in the eyes of animation, different types of cartoons are being broadcasted in front of children. Growing up as a child on aShow MoreRelatedTelevision Viewing And Protective Action Against Crime1639 Words   |  7 PagesNabi, R. L, Sullivan, J. L. (2001, December). Does Television Viewing Relate to Engagement in Protective Action Against Crime?: A Cultivation Analysis From a Theory of Reasoned Action Perspective. Communication Research, (28), 802nd ser. Doi:10.1177/009365001028006004 2. This Study is for my Dependent Variables 3. Statement of Study s Purpose and Brief Overview of Literature Review Nabi and Sullivan used the cultivation theory as the base of their study. (2001)Within the study, they also usedRead MoreThe Impact of Gender and Family on Juvenile Delinquency in the United States888 Words   |  4 Pagescollecting juvenile crime data. Juvenile arrests accounted for 16 percent of all violent crime arrests (i.e. murder, rape, assault) and 26 percent of all property crime arrests (i.e. burglary, theft, arson) (Puzzanchera, 2009). Other crimes for which juveniles are arrested include simple assault, vandalism, gambling, disorderly conduct, weapons possession, illicit drug/liquor violation (including DUI) and prostitution. It is important to note that a number of misdemeanor crimes go unreported whileRead MoreWhy should we let Congress take away our firearms? Is there some sort of amazing benefit to society600 Words   |  3 Pagesunless we place a ban on firearms? Just think about the results. There would be chaos throughout the entire nation, the crime rate would i ncrease dramatically, and society would be taking a turn for the worse. I believe that Congress and the United States government should keep away from issues dealing with firearms. Before I begin stating why these things would occur, let me give a brief history on gun control programs that date back to when crossbows were still a reliable weapon in warfare. In the yearRead MoreA Critical Analysis of the Death Penalty1646 Words   |  7 Pagesserve its intended purpose, proponents of the same are convinced that the relevance of the same cannot be overstated and hence it should not be abolished. In this text, I examine the arguments for and against the death penalty. The Death Penalty: A Brief Overview In basic terms, the death penalty according to Stearman is when the government takes a persons life as a punishment for wrongdoing (6). As the author further points out, the death penalty is regarded the most severe form of punishmentRead MoreCJUS 420 Discussion Board and topic research Instructions draft1403 Words   |  6 Pagesconcerning a crime, why the crime was committed, and the person(s) who committed the crime. In our criminal justice system a person can be brought to justice for a criminal act. First, and probably the least likely, the individual will be driven by his conscience to immediately confess. Second, an officer of the law can catch him in the act. Third, and most common, a criminal investigation can identify him as suspect, after which he may confess or be convicted by trial. In most cases, when a crime is committedRead MoreEyewitness Testimony And The American Psychological Association1580 Words   |  7 PagesFor centuries, even before the rise of modern law and judicial practices, eyewitness testimony has been a crucial part in reaching verdicts in court. 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Then, I will discuss research evidenceRead MoreThe Field Of Forensic Linguistics1570 Words   |  7 PagesThe following article takes a brief look at the field of Forensic Linguistics. In simple terms we could define forensic linguistics as a field that acts as an â€Å"interface† between language, the law and crime where the law includes a variety of judicial matters, legislation and law enforcement (Coulthard Johnson, 2010: 199). Therefore, a forensic linguist may note findings resulting from research conducted within a variety of disciplines including, for example, theory of grammar, discourse analysisRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book David Garland 1513 Words   |  7 Pagesclosed-circuit TV surveillance and a prison population whose growth rate, if not its actual number, is beginning to rival that of the US. Such a state of affairs, he notes, only 30 years ago would have seemed shocking, even to the best-informed and most up-to-date observer. 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Accounting Theory Developing Financial Reporting

Question: Describe about the Accounting Theory for Developing Financial Reporting. Answer: Introduction Accounting standards are important to develop a common accounting framework to be followed by the users of accounting system. There are different measurements of cost like historical cost, fair market value, current cost and net realizable value. These measurements of cost will be analyzed in detail through explain the usefulness of other cost measurement methods to historical method. Conceptual framework is most important part of the accounting and there are certain users whoa re benefited from this conceptual framework. Also there will be discussion on the financial reports and how it impacts the decision. Usefulness of Alternative Measurement Systems to Historical Cost Historical cost is the method used to measure the value and it is used in accounting to know the price of assets and liabilities. According to this method assets owned by the organization have to be recorded at original cost or nominal cost as and when acquired by the organization (Menicucci, 2014). There are mainly three alternatives to the measurement of values in accounting as against the historical cost. Fair Market Value Method: Fair market value concept is one the popular method to value the assets and liabilities and can be used easily as against the historical cost concept. According to fair market value method, value of assets refers to value on which assets and liabilities can be purchase and sell in the open market. Fair market value is truly based on the market price of assets whereas historical cost is based on the past transactions (Amount paid when assets are brought). It is more relevant to use the fair market when accounting for assets as it provides the current market information and also keep check on the impact on inflation of assets value through accounting them (Pratt, 2010). Investors and creditors are much benefited from the fair market value concept as assets are recorded at market value that provides clearer picture of performance of the organization. Hence, this method provides more transparency to the users of financial reports. Organization exposure to risk a nd inflation can be evaluated through applying the fair market value concept. There are some dissenters who argue that accounting information presented in the market value financial statements cant be trusted and are unreliable as it is not based on the arms length price. Due to this issue, there is huge exposure to manipulation of accounts by the management and such information cannot be used in financial decision (Pratt, 2010). Market value of assets and liabilities are generally based on the subjective estimates of the managers. Sometimes fair market value of assets cant be ascertained as it is not readily available in the market therefore for such assets historical approach or fair market estimation by the manager is followed. Fair market value method is more beneficial to the investors as only this method provide current and inflated price of assets (Pratt, 2010). So it can be said that this method is the best alternative to historical cost method. Net realizable value: It refers to the estimated selling price of the assets in the ordinary course of business less the cost incurred to make the sale. As against the cost measurement bases of assets (Historical cost and Current Cost), net realizable value means actual benefit derived from an asset. There are certain assets where fair estimation of cost or historical cost proves to be volatile and there is required to follow the concept of net realizable value (Stolowy Lebas, 2006). Net realizable means lower of fair value and recoverable cost. Net realizable value is only accepted in some cases because it is strictly opposed in some cases where acceptance of net realizable value is not possible. The general reason net realizable is rejected as it results in unrealistic low values of the productive assets like plant and equipments. Net realizable value differs from the fair market value by the amount of transaction cost reduced to arrive at net realizable value and also the extent of cost of completion that differs from the market value of assets (Stolowy Lebas, 2006). Therefore, it can be said that net realizable value concept can be more beneficial in few cases where historical and fair market value concepts are not useful. Current Cost - Reproduction Cost and Replacement Cost: Reproduction cost of assets refers to the economic cost that will incur if exiting asset is replaced with an identical one. Replacement cost refers to the economic current acquisition cost that will incur to replace the exiting asset with the asset of equivalent productivity capacity or service potential (Bonham, 2008). As defined reproduction cost differs from the historical cost as it puts concerns on the most recent economical cost of assets whereas historical cost takes only the cost incurred at time of acquisition. Replacement cost is more reliable and take all aspects of accounting while estimating the replacement value of assets. Replacement value is based on the productivity capacity or the service potential of an asset not on the cost incurred to replace the exiting asset with new one (Bonham, 2008). So, current cost concept can be used as against the historical cost and it is beneficial in various situations as per the need of the organization to present the financial reports. Potential Beneficiaries from the Development of a Conceptual Framework Conceptual framework of accounting was set by the International Accounting board with mutual concern with other accounting boards. This framework sets out the concepts that define the preparation and presentation of financial statements for the external users. This framework is so designed that it mainly helps the readers and preparers of financial reports. The main purpose of common conceptual framework is to eliminate the various issues caused while preparing the financial reports as there are many differences in presentation of financial reports at country level and at international level (Alexander Archer, 2008). Therefore, IAB has come in front to solve this issue through preparing the common framework to present the financial reports that help preparers to prepare only one financial report for the origin country as well as for international level. Investors who tend to invest in the multi national companies pursue difficulties in understanding the financial reports before such framework has been made due to difference in accounting standards and presentation style of statements (Greuning Koen, 2001). Conceptual framework assists the accounting standard board in promoting harmonization of regulations, accounting standards and procedures relating to the preparation and presentation of financial statements through providing the basis in reduction of number of alternative accounting treatments followed by Accounting Boards (Weygandt, Kieso, Kimmel, 2010). This common conceptual framework helps auditors to provide their opinion on the true and fair picture of the financial statements in easier way. Through issue of common accounting standards to followed by the all accounting boards it is possible for auditors to expertise their knowledge in their interest field and get a chance to use such knowledge national as well as international level. There are certain users of the financial reports and they require having a common platform through which such financial reports can be reviewed and common opinion can be made. It is only possible through producing such a contrast yet common accounting framework at international level. This conceptual framework consists of guidelines and principles that have to be followed while framing the accounting standards (Greuning Koen, 2001). The IFRS framework defined by the IAB serves as the guiding principle to the accounting board in developing the future IFRSs and to solve the accounting issues that does not confirms with the new International Accounting Standards. Investors need to know the risk associated with their investment in various organizations and how much return they can earn through such investment. The only way to determine the risk and return associated with the investment is to analysis the financial statements, but lack of common financial statements it is not possible to evaluate the company performance with ease. Investors need financial information that guides them whether they should buy, hold or sell. Also, investors are eager to know the capacity of the organization to distribute the dividends and how much (Alexander Archer, 2008). The general purpose financial report does not provide all information therefore IFRS Framework has been framed to avoid such problems faced by the investors. The IFRS has noted that parties like prudential and market regulators find general purpose financial statements useful. On the other hand Board considered that objectives of financial reporting and general purpose financial statements are not consistent and it requires developing a common framework that governs all the accounting standards followed while preparing the financial statements (Macve, 2015). To the contrary, persons associated in preparing the financial reports complain on the requirement to prepare two different financial reports, one as per home country Accounting Board and other according to International Accounting Board. There are certain differences between IFRS and other followed Accounting Standards. Among such differences there are some issues that significantly violate the requirements at international level (Macve, 2015). All such issues have been proposed in the conceptual framework and necessary steps have been taken to overcome such issues. Conceptual framework proposes the common principles and guidelines that need to be take care of while framing the accounting standards. After such changes, it has been noticed that mostly countries have same accounting standards as given by IAB. Accountants find it easy to learn these common accounting standards and apply while preparing the financial statements (Weygandt, Kieso, Kimmel, 2010). So, it can be conclude that conceptual framework helps certain people through solving their common issues but it is true that investors and accountants are much benefited from preparation common conceptual framework. Decision Usefulness and / or Stewardship as objectives of financial reporting Decision usefulness: It refers to the method or approach used while making the financial statements and it lays emphasis on the theory of investors decision making as to infer the type and nature of information required by the investors (Kieso, Weygandt Warfield, 2010). This theory refers to the single person decision theory. The single person decision theory provides how the rational individual makes optimal decisions while having the uncertainty. This theory requires the decision maker to have set of acts from which one have to select on the basis bayes theory model. The optimal decision refers to the decision that increases the decision maker expected utility that is based on the probabilities of the states of nature. There are pre and post probabilities of states of nature that decision maker conceive while making the final decision and these probabilities are tested using the bayes theorem. Information system has wide role in decision making process as all major decisions are t aken through incorporating financial information generated by the information system (Staubus, 2013). Stewardship function of financial reporting: Stewardship is the wide concept and it is widely accepted all over the world. Basically Stewardship is taken from the word Steward. It means person who undertakes responsibility to manage the affairs of an estate hold by his employer, one who mange the financial affairs of others property and one who is appointed on the behalf of anther to take care of. IASB framework has discussed the stewardship or accountability in its Para 14. It clearly says that financial statements must show the results derived from accountability/stewardship of management (Alexander Jorissen, 2007). Owners of the organization has the right to check on the accountability of management in order to help investors to economic decision on whether to buy, sell or hold their investment. Basically stewardship function of financial reporting is linked to the agency theory as owners assign the stewardship of the company to the responsible management. They want from manageme nt to fulfill the owners objective, apply strategies to make proper use of resources and to check the misappropriation of the company assets. Stewardship is most important in the financial reporting as it considers the relation of agent-principal and tend to benefit both parties (Britton Alexander, 2004). According to stewardship function management has to report credibly to the owners of the company and must be held responsible of every wrong decision taken against the welfare of company. Stewardship is not limited to the value of assets and liabilities but it focuses on whole business model. Stewardship lays emphasis on the long term considerations, value of reporting the past transactions and events, and completeness, reliability and transparency of reporting. Stewardship can be use interchangeable with the accountability as both means acting for welfare of owners. However accountability can be used in wide context as compare to stewardship and in modern period stewardship seems to be replaced by the accountability. Among stewardship and decision usefulness functions, stewardship has been accepted as the main objective of general purpose financial accounting. Stewardship function set vast and clearer picture of reliability, completeness and transparency of financial reports to their owners. IASB has mentioned that stewardship / accountability it is most important objective of financial reporting and it is considered as separate objective of financial reporting (Alexander Jorissen, 2007). Stewardship / accountability is related with the agency theory and it has broader view than resource allocation because it focus on both past performance of the organization and how organization will perform in future (Britton Alexander, 2004). Conclusion Financial reporting is the most important part of management function and there need to consider its important aspects to have proper financial reporting. Conceptual framework plays a significant role in financial reporting and it benefits people at large mainly investors and preparers of financial reports. References Alexander, D. Jorissen, A. (2007). International Financial Reporting and Analysis. Cengage Learning EMEA. Alexander, D., Archer, S. (2008). International Accounting/Financial Reporting Standards Guide. CCH. Bonham, M. (2008). International GAAP 2008: generally accepted accounting practice under international financial reporting standards. Wiley. Britton, A. Alexander, D. (2004). Financial Reporting. Cengage Learning EMEA. Greuning, H. Koen, M. (2001). International Accounting Standards: A Practical Guide Other World Bank Bks. World Bank Publications. Kieso, D., Weygandt, J. Warfield, T. (2010). Intermediate Accounting: IFRS Edition. John Wiley Sons. Macve, R. (2015). A Conceptual Framework for Financial Accounting and Reporting. Routledge. Menicucci, E. (2014). Fair Value Accounting: Key Issues Arising from the Financial Crisis. Springer. Pratt, J. (2010). Financial Accounting in an Economic Context. John Wiley Sons. Staubus, G.J. (2013). The Decision Usefulness Theory of Accounting: A Limited History. Routledge. Stolowy, H. Lebas, M. (2006). Financial Accounting and Reporting: A Global Perspective. Cengage Learning EMEA. Weygandt, J.J., Kieso, D.E. Kimmel, P.D. (2010). Financial Accounting: IFRS. John Wiley Sons.

Strategic Leadership in Action

Summary of the Article The title of the article under discussion in this paper is ‘Google building android game console’. The article is authored by Amir Efrati and Ian Sherr and published in the wall street journal. The article is about Google’s competitive strategy in the information and communication technology industry. The company plans to introduce two new products (wristwatch and video game console) to the market.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Leadership in Action specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These products will be powered by Google’s android software launched in 2008 and will aim at combating Apple’s future devices and give the company (Google) a competitive edge. The two devices will also aim at expanding the usage of the android software beyond tablets and smart phones. Apart from the two devices, Google also plans to launch a second version of android c alled Nexus Q, which is used for live streaming of information. Statement of the intentions of the paper The paper intends to identify and elaborate some aspects of competitiveness which the authors did not address in the article. The only aspect of competitiveness addressed by the authors in the article is rivalry among existing competitors. However, they have not addressed bargaining power of buyers, bargaining power of suppliers, threat of new entrants, threat of substitute products and services, product positioning and differentiation. Threat of new entrants In order to gain a portion of a market and build trust with the customers, new entrants usually come with unique approaches in any given industry. In most cases, they use pricing as a strategy of entering the markets. They do this by setting the prices of their products at low levels than those of the incumbents. Others may focus on improving the quality of their products so as to attract customers (Hill and Gareth 3). The r eduction of price and quality improvement makes the industry very competitive for the incumbents and sometimes they may be forced to quit the industry especially if the new entrants posses huge capital. In a reaction to price reduction and quality improvement, the incumbents may come up with strategies of putting barriers aimed at preventing new entrants from entering the industry. For example, they may adopt very sophisticated technologies which are not easily available. They may also consider putting barriers to the access of the distribution channels so that new entrants may be scared away by the restricted access to supply channels (Hill and Gareth 3). Another reaction by the incumbents is what is referred to as ‘supply-side economies of scale’ which enables the incumbents to produce large quantities of goods at relatively low costs per unit. Supply side economies of scale also cushion the incumbents from the threat of lowered prices by the new entrants. It also dis courages new entrants especially those who are not able to use price reduction as a strategy to penetrate the market and dislodge the incumbents (Hill and Gareth 3).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Bargaining power of suppliers In some industries, there are monopolies in terms of supply of goods or services. In such industries, the powerful suppliers are able to manipulate the prices of goods or services the way they want. A supplier is regarded as powerful if for instance, he or she does not depend on a particular industry for revenues and therefore, he or she can do without that particular industry. A powerful supplier is also one who supplies goods and services which are unique or one who has established a long term business relationship with certain companies. Powerful suppliers are also those who supply goods and services which cannot be substituted. A good example is p ilots and the aviation industry. This is because it is not easy to get well trained and qualified pilots within a short notice and therefore, the pilots’ unions may have a big bargaining power (Hill and Gareth 4). Another example is the Microsoft computer giant. It can decide to increase the price of operating systems. When this happens, the other computer dealers have no option other than cutting of their profits. In some cases, some powerful suppliers can also threaten to enter the markets themselves if the customers are not willing to purchase the goods at their desired prices. Companies may overcome this by having large capital base so that they can become suppliers themselves (Hill and Gareth 4). Bargaining power of buyers In some industries, there may be few but large buyers who purchase certain goods or services in bulk. Such buyers usually have a bargaining power to lower the price of goods or services in question because if the suppliers do not comply, they end up wi th minimal sales and profits. Buyers usually have power when the cost of switching suppliers is low and when the products in question are undifferentiated or are standardized. The bargaining power of buyers can affect the profitability of an industry because they may lower buying prices and then lower their selling prices. When this happens, the people who suffer are the other small dealers in the industry and the suppliers. Buyers can increase their competitive strategy by teaming up and setting the buying price of the products at a certain level. This can cushion them from unscrupulous suppliers and new entrants (Hill and Gareth 5). Threat of substitute products or services A substitute is a product which plays similar function as the original product. Examples of substitutes include the electronic mail as a substitute for sending letters by mail, video conferencing as a substitute of actual conferences and the use of plastics instead of aluminum products. Substitutes usually act as a threat to some industries, especially when they are priced in a friendly manner than the original products and when the cost of switching vendors is relatively low. Companies can guard themselves from the threat of substitutes by differentiation of their products and by teaming up to influence government policy on the introduction of substitute goods in the market (Hill and Gareth 6).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Leadership in Action specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Differentiation and Positioning In marketing, differentiation can be defined as the process of distinguishing a product or service from the rest through describing the major differences between the product or service and other products or services. As mentioned earlier, differentiation is one of the aspects of competitiveness done with a view of creating a market niche for a particular product or service. Differentiation seeks to cr eate a positive image of a particular product among the targeted consumers so as to ensure that they perceive it as unique and different from other similar products (Armstrong and Kotler 26). Product differentiation prevents the targeted consumers from comparing a particular product with others thus giving that particular product a competitive advantage over the others. When doing differentiation, the marketing departments of companies mainly use advertisement, promotions, improved product quality, lowering or increasing the prices of products and ignorance of the consumers regarding the price and quality of the product being differentiated (Armstrong and Kotler 26). Some companies may differentiate several products at the same time with the aim of acquiring a certain number of customers for the differentiated products or services; a concept called positioning. Positioning entails the use of various strategies like promotion, distribution of products or services and production of un ique products with unique pricing to build an identity of a particular company or organization in the minds of particular consumers. Through positioning, companies are able to stabilize and retain the positions of differentiated products thus retaining the competitive advantage of the company in regard to those products. In order for a company to create and maintain a particular position in a market, it needs to do a thorough research and be consistent in monitoring of market trends so as to modify or readjust the differentiation and positioning strategies for its respective products. Conclusion From the above discussion, it has emerged that competitiveness is a multidimensional concept. Many companies usually focus on their rivalry with existing competitors in designing their competitive strategies. This is the case with Google Inc. as featured in the article ‘Google Building Android Game Console’ by Amir Efrati and Ian Sherr and published in the wall street journal. H owever, there are other aspects of competitiveness which can enhance a company’s position in a certain industry. These include bargaining power of buyers, bargaining power of suppliers, threat of new entrants, threat of substitute products and services, product positioning and differentiation. When all these aspects of competitiveness are taken into consideration, companies are able to enhance their competitiveness in their respective industries.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Works Cited Armstrong, Gary, and K. Philiph. Marketing. An Introduction, Prentice Hall: Pearson Education Company, 2009.Print. Hill, Charles, and J. Gareth. Strategic management: an integrated approach. Boston: Enfield Publishers, 2007.Print. This essay on Strategic Leadership in Action was written and submitted by user Albert Coffey to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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Free Essays on Internal And External Factors

External and Internal Factors 1 Analyzing External and Internal Factors of PepsiCo Inc. External and Internal Factors 2 Abstract We chose to look at PepsiCo Inc.’s managerial methods. We have analyzed the companies’ organizational mission, ethics management and Internet strategy. PepsiCo is a company with many different segments. The one company includes Pepsi-Cola brands, Tropicana brands, and Frito-Lay brands. Each section of the company has about ten to fifteen different brands in it. The four levels of management: Planning, Organizing Resources, Leading, and Controlling cover all of the segments of leadership in this company. External and Internal Factors 3 Analyzing External and Internal Factors of PepsiCo Inc. PepsiCo Inc.’s mission statement is as follows: â€Å"PepsiCo's overall mission is to increase the value of our shareholder's investment. We do this through sales growth, cost controls and wise investment of resources. We believe our commercial success depends upon offering quality and value to our consumers and customers; providing products that are safe, wholesome, economically efficient and environmentally sound; and providing a fair return to our investors while adhering to the highest standards of integrity.† We think that this mission statement is good because it focuses not only the success of the product, but also the success of the company’s investors (including shareholders, which shows the company wishes success for it’s consumers as well). It also clearly states how the company believes it can achieve its mission, through sales growth, cost controls, and wise investment. These are the three main jobs of the management to maintain PepsiCo’s success. We don’t think that anything about their mission statement needs to be changed. Everything is very clearly stated and it is persuasive in the sense that by reading it, a person can feel like the company knows what is b... Free Essays on Internal And External Factors Free Essays on Internal And External Factors External and Internal Factors 1 Analyzing External and Internal Factors of PepsiCo Inc. External and Internal Factors 2 Abstract We chose to look at PepsiCo Inc.’s managerial methods. We have analyzed the companies’ organizational mission, ethics management and Internet strategy. PepsiCo is a company with many different segments. The one company includes Pepsi-Cola brands, Tropicana brands, and Frito-Lay brands. Each section of the company has about ten to fifteen different brands in it. The four levels of management: Planning, Organizing Resources, Leading, and Controlling cover all of the segments of leadership in this company. External and Internal Factors 3 Analyzing External and Internal Factors of PepsiCo Inc. PepsiCo Inc.’s mission statement is as follows: â€Å"PepsiCo's overall mission is to increase the value of our shareholder's investment. We do this through sales growth, cost controls and wise investment of resources. We believe our commercial success depends upon offering quality and value to our consumers and customers; providing products that are safe, wholesome, economically efficient and environmentally sound; and providing a fair return to our investors while adhering to the highest standards of integrity.† We think that this mission statement is good because it focuses not only the success of the product, but also the success of the company’s investors (including shareholders, which shows the company wishes success for it’s consumers as well). It also clearly states how the company believes it can achieve its mission, through sales growth, cost controls, and wise investment. These are the three main jobs of the management to maintain PepsiCo’s success. We don’t think that anything about their mission statement needs to be changed. Everything is very clearly stated and it is persuasive in the sense that by reading it, a person can feel like the company knows what is b...

Learn About the Peripheral Nervous System

Learn About the Peripheral Nervous System The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and a complex network of neurons. This system is responsible for sending, receiving, and interpreting information from all parts of the body. The nervous system monitors and coordinates internal organ function and responds to changes in the external environment. This system can be divided into two parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of the brain and spinal cord, which function to receive, process, and send information to the PNS. The PNS consists of cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and billions of sensory and motor neurons. The primary function of the peripheral nervous system is to serve as a pathway of  communication between the CNS and the rest of the body. While CNS organs have a protective covering of bone (brain-skull, spinal cord- spinal column), the nerves of the PNS are  exposed and more vulnerable to injury. Types of Cells There are two types of cells in the peripheral nervous system. These cells carry information to (sensory nervous cells) and from (motor nervous cells) the central nervous system. Cells of the sensory nervous system send information to the CNS from internal organs or from external stimuli.  Motor nervous system cells carry information from the CNS to organs, muscles, and glands. Somatic and Autonomic Systems The motor nervous system is divided into the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. The somatic nervous system controls skeletal muscle, as well as external sensory organs, such as the skin. This system is said to be voluntary because the responses can be controlled consciously. Reflex reactions of skeletal muscle, however, are an exception. These are involuntary reactions to external stimuli. The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary muscles, such as smooth and cardiac muscle. This system is also called the involuntary nervous system. The autonomic nervous system can further be divided into parasympathetic, sympathetic, enteric divisions. The parasympathetic division functions to inhibit or slow down autonomic activities such as  heart rate, pupil constriction, and bladder contraction. The nerves of the sympathetic division often have an opposite effect when they are located within the same organs as parasympathetic nerves. Nerves of the sympathetic division speed up heart rate, dilate pupils and relax the bladder. The sympathetic system is also involved in the flight or fight response. This is a response to potential danger that results in accelerated heart rate and an increase in metabolic rate. The enteric division of the autonomic nervous system controls the gastrointestinal system. It is composed of two sets of neural networks located within the walls of the digestive tract. These neurons control activities such as digestive motility and blood flow within the digestive system. While the enteric nervous system can function independently, it also has connections with CNS allowing for the transfer of sensory information between the two systems. Division The peripheral nervous system is divided into the following sections: Sensory Nervous System- sends information to the CNS from internal organs or from external stimuli.Motor Nervous System- carries information from the CNS to organs, muscles, and glands.Somatic Nervous System- controls skeletal muscle as well as external sensory organs.Autonomic Nervous System- controls involuntary muscles, such as smooth and cardiac muscle.Sympathetic- controls activities that increase energy expenditures.Parasympathetic- controls activities that conserve energy expenditures.Enteric- controls digestive system activity. Connections Peripheral nervous system connections with various organs and structures of the body are established through cranial nerves and spinal nerves. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves in the brain that establish connections in the head and upper body, while 31 pairs of spinal nerves do the same for the rest of the body. While some cranial nerves contain only sensory neurons, most cranial nerves and all spinal nerves contain both motor and sensory neurons.

As a policy matter, should the government be able to restrict the sale Essay

As a policy matter, should the government be able to restrict the sale of video games with violent content, and if so, what rest - Essay Example The students were reported to have played the video game â€Å"Doom,† and were inspired by it. This led to heated debates between two opposing sides. While advocates argued in favor of a restriction in sales of violent video games, groups of opponents led by the game developers argued against such move. They explained that correlation between the violent video games and the acts of the two students were incidental and could not be used as a justification (IDEA, 2012). While proponents argued about a link between violence and increased watching of violent games, the opponents denied any link between violent behaviors and watching of violent videos. Therefore despite the efforts the government has undertaken to restrict violent video games, the government is not able to regulate them as required due to legal implications and high demand of such games in the market. In 2011, the Supreme Court struck down a ban on selling violent games to minors. The Supreme Court found the Califo rnian law that sought to restrict the sale of violent games to minors to be in contradiction with the free speech rights and was overturned. The judgment was overwhelming in a 7 to 2 decision and declared that the Californian statute against the sale of violent games was in serious violation of the rights protection under the First Amendment (Richey, 2011). The Californian State as the judges agreed had the right to protect children against harm by such violent games. However, the judges noted that such powers cannot be free floating to restrict all ideas to which children have possibilities of being exposed to (Richey, 2011). This was the first ruling on violent materials restriction, which was a huge setback to the California state in its bid to protect children against harm caused by such violent games. It implies that the government is not able to restrict or control such video games as required. The government has weak laws and statutes aimed at limiting such sale of violent ga mes to minors. In 1968 the Supreme Court upheld a New York statute that sought to restrict and ban any sale of nude and obscene materials to underage children. The court found that the government indeed had the right and the power to regulate and restrict sale of such sexual materials to children without violating the protection of free speech as stated under the First Amendment (Mcmahan 2013). However, the Supreme Court on the Californian case rejected any application of the same principles by arguing speech of violence is not obscene; thus the 1968 ruling could not be applied in the ban of violent materials. This revealed a serious anomaly under the First Amendment. As one of the 2 dissenting judges, Stephen Breyer noted, there was no sense of preventing a child from accessing a nude picture of a woman, while in the same violent games children are allowed to view such women and even go further to strangle them to death virtually (Mcmahan 2013) . The law in this case is contradicto ry and needs a more elaborate evaluation of the First Amendment to include violent materials under the same category with obscene materials to facilitate the government to use the, law in protecting children against such violent materials. Psychiatrists and research suggest that offering blanket blame to violent games would e missing the point behind violence in children, which would hugely impact on efforts by the government to restrict such games. Kathy Royer a clinical nurse specialist at 4Kid Help Center for Child Adolescent Psychiatry, Ohio

Hate Crimes Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Hate Crimes - Research Paper Example It should be noted that 9/11 incident itself can be labelled as a hate crime. In short, hate crimes are happening at all parts of the world in different forms. According to Lieberman (2010), â€Å"In 2008, 13,690 police agencies reported 7,783 hate crimes—almost one hate crime for every hour of every day† (Lieberman, 2010, p.82). In other words, the incidents of hate crimes are growing day by day not only in America, but also in all parts of the world. It should be noted that the major reasons behind majority of the wars in the past and at present are attributed to hate crimes. The war on terror, First and Second World Wars, Gulf war, conflicts between Israel and Palestine etc are some of the examples of hate crimes. This paper analyses the history of hate crimes, the development of laws against hate crimes, pros and cons of hate crimes, examples of hate crimes etc. History of hate crimes The first recorded "hate crime" occurred in 1922 in America. The Federal Bureau of Investigation encountered a rising Ku Klux Klan, white supremacist movement in Louisiana. Two people were kidnapped, tortured and murdered while thousands more received threats to their person. The KKK and other racist organizations committed thousands between 1922-2006. In July 1946, two black couples were pulled from a car, lined up and shot by 20 white men. In 1954, one of America's most horrible, hate crimes occurred in Money, Mississippi. The crime, itself, was bestial. As many as 20 men took turns beating and torturing 14 year-old Emmett until his death (Brookes, 2012). The history of hate crimes started along with the evolution of humans in this world. However, the term hate crimes started to get more popularity only during the Second World War. The modern day history of hate crimes started during the Nazi regime in Germany. Nazis started a massive operation against the Jews community and millions of Jews forced to sacrifice their lives because of it. Germans had a perceptio n that they were the superior race in this world and all the other religions and communities should obeys the laws formulated by the Germans. In fact the major reasons for the two world wars were the superiority complexes of Germans. In recent times, ethnic conflicts were reported from countries such as Bosnia, Herzegovina, Rwanda, Serbia etc. The development of laws against hate crimes â€Å"It makes better sense, legally and morally, to prosecute someone for harassment, trespassing, or disturbing the peace without judging the content of their expression than it does to proscribe certain forms of expression† (Breaking The Codes,1991, p.8). Hate crime prevention laws are in place in America after the abolitions of slavery and racial discrimination. In fact normal laws are enough to punish hate crimes since majority of the hate crimes involve real crimes or normal crimes. The First Amendment does not protect violence, nor does it prevent the government from imposing criminal p enalties for violent discriminatory conduct directed against victims on the basis of their personal characteristics. Americans are free to think, preach, and believe whatever they want. It is only when an individual commits a crime based on those biased beliefs and intentionally targets another for violence or vandalism that a hate crime statute can be triggered (Lieberman, 2010, p.83)

Professional Development Plan Essay Example for Free

Professional Development Plan Essay Professional development is the skill and knowledge that we gain to optimize our personal development. Planning is the tool to enhance our ability to achieve a particular goal in a set amount of time. College degrees and coursework, attending conferences, training sessions are all different types of learning opportunities for our professional development. First we have to have a desire for career endurance and personal growth. In this process we have goals which we want to achieve some are short term goals and some are long term. As a teacher I am dedicated to learning and have made a lifelong commitment to education and want to bring a positive social change which will enhance the beauty of educational system on the early childhood level. As a teacher we create an individualized professional development plan based on the age of students in our classroom. As a Montessori teacher I have a belief that I can plan a better curriculum for early ages by merging Montessori philosophy and traditional styles of teaching according to the state content standards. This is my long-term goal to be a academic director on state level for early childhood. But to achieve this long-term goal I have to focus my own professional development which I can gain by updating my skills, and get to know the new material and to get the knowledge which reflects changes in educational theory. My short term goal is to gain more and more knowledge not only about education but about the environment, social changes, cultural differences which affect the educational system. I can achieve all this by doing my PH.D in educational psychology. Because it is the study of how humans learn in educational settings, the effectiveness of educational interventions, the psychology of teaching, and the social psychology of schools as organizations. Educational psychology is concerned with how students learn and develop, often focusing on subgroups such as gifted children and those subject to specific disabilities. This will also help me to enhance the healthy development of learning or mental health of children, adolescents and adults. This degree will also help in my long term goal to prepare myself as a facilitating learner, faces emotional, and  behavioral difficulties in more professional manner. Furthermore, degree emphasis on theory, research and evidence-based practices subscribes to the scientist-practitioner model in the practice of psychology, which is reflected in the academic requirements. It includes the study of human development from diverse lenses such as biological, cognitive behavioral, socio-cultural, ecological, and educational perspectives. Another emphasis of this degree is an in depth knowledge of the scientific literature and its applications in the areas of psychology, especially different aspects of human development, motivation, learning processes, therapeutic approaches, and human diversity. With all this knowledge and information I will be a better writer and a r esearcher because my main focus of my research is early childhood and its issues. References: http://topics.wisegeek.com/topics.htm?education-professional-development# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educational_psychology http://coe.wayne.edu/tbf/edp/phd-school/index.php

Hamlet Essays -- Literature

Comedy and tragedy are two totally opposing genres but both have been very successful during the Elizabethan period. Several plays were written to help people to be instructed in a general way and to purge their emotions through the laughing in comedy or the crying in the tragedy. Among the writers of tragic plays, there was Shakespeare with one of his most famous play The Tragical History of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Regarding comedy, John Lyly takes the myth of Endymion in his courtly comedy Endymion, the Man in the Moon. Starting from these two plays this essay will look at the boundaries that allow defining and distinguishing between tragedy and comedy as well as their importance at the time. Tragedy and comedy stand out mainly by the fact that one of these genres makes people cry and the other makes them laugh. The boundary between the two is not always easy to distinguish, since a play can be considered as a comedy without being funny, simply because it has a happy ending. The issue here is to contrast these two genres to better draw the border between them. The comedy featured ordinary characters and thus allowed people to laugh at their pains and ironic situations. Unlike comedy, tragedy had as protagonists, people of high social level. The characters of the tragedy are usually caught in a fate that they cannot escape. It is rare that the tragedy gives a solution or it is in most cases death. To summarise, comedy was designed to make people laugh and show that a happy ending is possible, it often ends with marriages, while the tragedy shows that even very important persons can find themselves in situations that are beyond them and that lead them to their downfall. By writing The Tragical History of Hamlet, Prince of Den... ... of Revenge. 315 o A Theory of Renaissance Tragedy. pp. 292 †¢ Bolt, Sydney. (1985). Hamlet. Peguin Masterstudies. †¢ Deats, Sara. (Nov., 1975). The Disarming of the Knight: Comic Parody in Lyly's "Endymion" South Atlantic Bulletin, Vol. 40, No. 4. pp. 67-75 †¢ Houppert, Joseph W. (1975). John Lyly. Twayne Publishers, Boston. o Chapter 2. Non-Dramatic Fiction. I Euphues, the Anatomy of Wit. pp. 22-52 o Chapter 7. Lyly’s Reputation and Influence. I Lyly the Stylist. pp. 147-150 †¢ Jump, J. Davies. (1968). Shakespeare: Hamlet: a casebook. London: Macmillan. L. C. Knight. o L.C. Knight. (1960) Hamlet and Death. pp. 151-155 o Mack, Maynard. (1952). The World of Hamlet. pp. 86-107 †¢ Lyly, J., Bevington, D. M. (1996). Endymion. Manchester: Manchester University Press. †¢ Neufeld, M. Christine. Lyly’s Chimerical Vision: Witchcraft in Endymion.

Internal and External Conflicts Essay

Materials †¢ Copies of the attached Interior or Exterior Conflicts worksheet †¢ Sticky notes †¢ Short story Lesson 1. 2. Brainstorm with students the types of conflicts or problems they face on a daily basis, and write their responses on the board. Explain to students that there are two types of conflicts that people face every day: †¢ Internal conflict, which takes place in a person’s mind—for example, a struggle to make a decision or overcome a feeling. Internal conflicts are character vs. self. †¢ External conflict, which generally takes place between a person and someone or something else, such as nature, another person or persons, or an event or situation. External conflicts may be character vs. character, character vs. nature, or character vs. society. Tell students that characters in a story face the same types of conflicts, and it is important to identify them in order to understand the story completely. 3. 4. 5. Distribute copies of the â€Å"Interior or Exterior Conflicts† worksheet. Have students classify the conflicts as internal or external conflicts, writing the answers in the left column. Go over the classifications with the class, and allow students to correct their answers as needed. Give students copies of another worksheet showing a different set of interior and exterior conflicts, and have students classify them independently and hand in the completed worksheet for assessment. Have students read a short story from their literature book and as they read, put sticky notes on the text wherever conflict is present. When they have finished, ask students to identify the types of conflict they found in the story. Lead a class discussion of the ways the plot might have been different had internal conflicts been externa l or vice versa. 6. 7. English Enhanced Scope a Interior or Exterior Conflicts Interior or Exterior Conflict You love going to soccer practice every Friday night. However, last week you had to go to dinner with your family instead, and this week a friend has invited you to the movies. At a party, you spent a lot of time talking to a friend from your math class—just chatting. Now another classmate has spread rumors around school about the two of you. For the past month, you have been bullied on the school bus by older middle school guys. They typically call you names and sometimes even poke at you. Finally one day, you get fed up and scream, â€Å"Don’t ever touch me again!† You have a project due on Monday. Even though you have had several weeks to read, by Sunday night you’ve only read half the book. To make things worse, your teacher has stated, â€Å"I have high expectations for this assignment.† Your school has a state level ice-hockey team—for boys. When you and a group of girlfriends want to start a girls’ hockey program, you’re told that, alth ough it’s a nice idea, there just isn’t enough money in the athletic budget. Although your friends say that you’re very attractive, you think just the opposite. You are overly critical about physical appearance. You think someone from your fifth period class is extremely cute! You’ve been trying to work up the nerve to ask him/her out, but you’re just too scared. Your dad is driving you and your friends to a big football game in town. Although you left in plenty of time, he seems to have lost his way. You think you saw the football field a couple of blocks back. When you tell your dad, he says, â€Å"Who’s driving—you or me?†

The Environment And Effect On Human Health Environmental Sciences Essay

Polychlorinated Biphenyls are a group of manmade chemicals. They make up a group of two hundred and nine person chlorinated biphenyl rings, known as congeners. In the concentrated signifier, PCBs are oily liquids, oily solids, and clear to yellow in colour. ( EPA, 2012 ) . They have no odor or gustatory sensation. ( EPA, 2012 ) . They are really stable mixtures that are immune to extreme temperature and force per unit area. They have a low grade of responsiveness. PCBs are non flammable, have high electrical opposition, and are good dielectrics. ( Barbalace, 2002 ) PCBs were seen as an industrial discovery, because of its chemical belongingss. Before their prohibition in 1979, Polychlorinated biphenyls entered the environment during their industry and us in the United States. The organic chemicals were foremost manufactured by Monsanto in 1929. Prior to their prohibition, PCBs were used in 100s of industrial and commercial applications, as electrical dielectrics. Uses for PCBS included transformers, electrical equipment, hydraulic fluids, oil based pigment, carbonless C paper, compressors, heat transportation systems, pigments, adhesives, liquid cooled electric motors, fluorescent bulbs, overseas telegram insularity, plastic, and the list goes on. ( EPA, 2012 ) . Domestic utilizations included cereal boxes and bread negligees. Because of its function in prevent fires and an detonation, the chemical was required by fire codification. PCBs were seen as the ideal dielectric for companies and consumers. The qualities that make PCBs wanted by consumers and companies are besides the 1s that make it risky to the environment and human wellness. PCBs ‘ high thermal and chemical opposition means they do non interrupt down easy when exposed to heat or chemical interventions doing it to be difficult to acquire out of the environment. Since they do non interrupt down they remain in the environment and go on to construct up. Today, the chemicals can still be released in the environment through spills, leaks, and improper disposal and storage. More than half of the PCBs produced during 1929-1979 have been released into the environment. ( Barbalace, 2012 ) . Although PCBs are no longer commercially manufactured or widely used, there are still ways people can be exposed to concentrated Polychlorinated Biphenyls. The most common exposures include through nutrient, surface dirts, imbibing and land H2O, indoor air, and in the workplace. PCBs are an organic pollutant. Companies that used the substance contaminated the environment through its utilizations and disposals. In 1935, the Monsanto Company purchased the Theodore Swann chemical company and began fabricating PCBs in the United States. Monsanto continued to bring forth PCBs at its Anniston works until 1971. ( Lyons, 2004 ) . During its 40 old ages of fabricating PCBs as an electrical dielectric, the Monsanto Company flushed 10s of 1000s of lbs of PCBs into nearby brook and buried 1000000s more lbs in a hillside landfill. ( Lyons, 2004 ) . The Monsanto Company was sued by 1000s of current and former occupants of Anniston, who claim the company was cognizant of the dangers posed by PCBs and actively schemed to conceal this information from the nearby populace. ( Firestone, 2002 ) . In 1966, Monsanto directors discovered fish near the waste sites turned belly side up spirting blood and tear uping tegument, within 10 seconds of the PCBs disposal. ( Firestone, 2002 ) . The company hid their findings. In 1969, fish were found with 7500 times the legal PCB degree. ( Grunwald, 2002 ) . Company records reveal the company ‘s determination that â€Å" there was no ground to travel to expensive extremes in restricting discharge organize the works † . ( Grunwald, 2002 ) . The company was ordered to pay $ 53 million in killing cost and agreed to a planetary colony affecting current and future instances in Alabama. ( Lyons, 2004 ) . There are legion known contaminated sites around the U.S. Among the most unsafe of these, A is the Hudson River Valley. In 1947-1977, General Electric ( GE ) began dumping PCB in the river. By the prohibition in 1979, an estimated 1.3 million lbs of the man-made chemical had entered the Hudson river. The Hudson River was contaminated with PCB pollution. Twenty old ages subsequently, functionaries still have to cover with the environmental consequence of PCBs in the bedrocks of the Hudson River. ( Mele, 1998 ) . PCBs are now found throughout the Hudson River ecosystem, in in deposit, H2O, and wildlife. ( Mele, 1998 ) . The spread of PCBs throughout the Hudson River and the nutrient concatenation has created one of the most widespread, risky waste jobs in the nation.A The EPA ordered the General Electric Company to pay 460 million dollars to dredge the PCBs it had dumped into the Hudson River. ( Grunwald, 2002 ) . The Environmental Protection Agency Prevention regulates PCBs through the Toxic Substances Control Act ( TSCA ) . The Act bans the usage, distribution, industry, and processing of PCBs. TSCA gives EPA the authorization to develop and implement ordinances refering the industry, usage, killing, and proper disposal of PCBs. ( EPA, 2012 ) . Through the environment, worlds came into contact with the chemical. Polychlorinated Biphenyls are linked to legion wellness jeopardy. It has an acute toxic affect. Skin annoyances can happen in people exposed to high degrees of PCBs. Studies in the workplace suggest that exposure to PCBs may besides do annoyance of the nose and lungs. PCBs are a likely human carcinogen. EPAA?s ordinances on cancer-causing chemicals use the term `probableA? when a chemical is known to do malignant neoplastic disease in animate beings and where there is grounds that suggests that it causes malignant neoplastic disease in worlds but which is non conclusive. Surveies of PCBs in worlds have found increased rates of malignant neoplastic disease patients that may be connected to the man-made chemical. PCBs are known to do a assortment of types of malignant neoplastic disease in rats, mice, and other survey animate beings. ( EPA, 2012 ) Polychlorinated Biphenyls are linked to developmental effects. Proper development of the nervous system is critical for early acquisition and can hold potentially important deductions for the wellness of persons throughout their life-times. ( EPA, 2012 ) . Womans exposed to PCBs before or during gestation can give birth to kids with important neurological and motor control jobs. These jobs include lowered IQ and hapless short-run memory. ( EPA, 2012 ) . PCBs disrupt endocrine map. PCBs with merely a few Cl atoms can mime the bodyA?s natural endocrines. PCBs are besides thought to play a function in decreased sperm figure, reformed sex variety meats, pubescence, and altered sex ratios of kids. PCBs with more Cl atoms act like dioxins in changing the metamorphosis of sex steroids in the organic structure, which change the normal degrees of estrogens and testosterone. PCBs besides upset the balance of thyroid endocrines, which may impact the growing, rational, and behavioural development. ( EPA, 2012 ) . PCBs are found throughout the environment, and it may be impossible to avoid coming into contact with Polychlorinated Biphenyls. Peoples can seek avoiding contact with contaminated dirts and deposits. ( Wisconsin, 2012 ) . Practice good hygiene wonts. Restrict their ingestion of sport-caught fish. Wash fruits and veggies before eating them. Besides, if any member of the family works with old electrical equipment be certain the equipment is decently maintained and the country is good ventilated. ( Wisconsin, 2012 ) . Polychlorinated Biphenyls are a chemical that will non travel off. The Environmental Protection Agency is seeking their best to free the environment of its effects. The features of the man-made drug cause it to be transported easy and difficult to interrupt down. The drug has caused damaged to the environment, and the people around the environment. Polychlorinated Biphenyls will hold a lifetime consequence on the environment and people. Beginnings Barbalace, Roberta C. â€Å" The Chemistry of Polychlorinated Biphenyls. â€Å" A : PCB, The Manmade Chemicals That Wo n't Travel Away ( EnvironmentalChemistry.com ) . N.p. , n.d. Web. 27 Aug. 2012. & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/chemistry/pcb.html & gt ; . Environmental Protection Agency. â€Å" Polychlorinated Biphenyls. â€Å" A EPA. Environmental Protection Agency, n.d. Web. 7 Sept. 2012. & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/tsd/pcbs/index.htm & gt ; . Firestone, David. â€Å" Alabama Jury Says Monsanto Polluted Town. â€Å" A The New York Times. N.p. , 23 Feb. 2002. Web. 7 Sept. 2012. & lt ; Alabama Jury Says Monsanto Polluted Town & gt ; . Grunwald, Michael. â€Å" Monsanto Held Liable For PCB Dumping. â€Å" A The Washington Post. Raw Food Info, 23 Feb. 2002. Web. 7 Sept. 2012. & lt ; Monsanto Held Liable For PCB Dumping & gt ; . Lyon, Steve. â€Å" PCB Pollution in Anniston, Alabama. † Reading.A Commonweal. Professor Raquel Pinderhughes. San Francisco State Unversity. Urban Studies and Environmental Programs, 2004. Web. 7 Sept. 2012. & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.commonweal.org/programs/brc/ppt-presentations/Anniston_AL_PCB.pdf & gt ; . â€Å" Human Health Hazards – PCBs and Your Health. â€Å" A Human Health Hazards – PCBs and Your Health. N.p. , n.d. Web. 7 Sept. 2012. & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/eh/hlthhaz/fs/pcblink.htm & gt ; . The Hudson River PCB Story – A Toxic Heritage. Dir. Andy Mele. W. Alton Jones Foundation, 1998. Short Film.A The Hudson River PCB Story – A Toxic Heritage. Web. 7 Sept. 2012. & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.clearwater.org/pcb.html & gt ; . â€Å" What Are The Human Health Effects Of PCBs? â€Å" A What Are The Human Health Effects Of PCBs? A N.p. , n.d. Web. 7 Sept. 2012. & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.clearwater.org/news/pcbhealth.html & gt ; .

Free Essays on Coca Cola

The Coca-Cola company started out as an insignificant one man business and over the last one hundred and ten years it has grown into one of the largest companies in the world. The first operator of the company was Dr. John Pemberton and the current operator is Roberto Goizueta. Without societies help, Coca-Cola could not have become over a 50 billion dollar business. Coca-Cola was invented by Dr. John Pemberton, an Atlanta pharmacist. He concocted the formula in a three legged brass kettle in his backyard on May 8, 1886. He mixed a combination of lime, cinnamon, coca leaves, and the seeds of a Brazilian shrub to make the fabulous beverage. Coca-Cola debuted in Atlanta's largest pharmacy, Jacob's Pharmacy, as a five cent non-carbonated beverage. Later on, the carbonated water was added to the syrup to make the beverage that we know today as Coca-Cola. Coca-Cola was originally used as a nerve and brain tonic and a medical elixir. Coca-Cola was named by Frank Robinson, one of Pemberton's close friends, he also penned the famous Coca-Cola logo in unique script. Dr. John Pemberton sold a portion of the Coca-Cola company to Asa Candler, after Pemberton's death the remainder was sold to Candler. Pemberton was forced to sell because he was in a state of poor health and was in debt. He had paid $76.96 for advertising, but he only made $50.00 in profits. Candler acquired the whole company for $2,300. Candler achieved a lot during his time as owner of the company. On January 31, 1893, the famous Coca-Cola formula was patented. He also opened the first syrup manufacturing plant in 1884. His great achievement was large scale bottling of Coca-Cola in 1899. In 1915, The Root Glass Company made the contour bottle for the Coca-Cola company. Candler aggressively advertised Coca-Cola in newspapers and on billboards. In the newspapers, he would give away coupons for a free Coke at any fountain. Coca-Cola was sold after the Prohibition Era t... Free Essays on Coca Cola Free Essays on Coca Cola The Coca-Cola company started out as an insignificant one man business and over the last one hundred and ten years it has grown into one of the largest companies in the world. The first operator of the company was Dr. John Pemberton and the current operator is Roberto Goizueta. Without societies help, Coca-Cola could not have become over a 50 billion dollar business. Coca-Cola was invented by Dr. John Pemberton, an Atlanta pharmacist. He concocted the formula in a three legged brass kettle in his backyard on May 8, 1886. He mixed a combination of lime, cinnamon, coca leaves, and the seeds of a Brazilian shrub to make the fabulous beverage(Things go better with Coke 14). Coca-Cola debuted in Atlanta's largest pharmacy, Jacob's Pharmacy, as a five cent non- carbonated beverage. Later on, the carbonated water was added to the syrup to make the beverage that we know today as Coca-Cola. Coca-Cola was originally used as a nerve and brain tonic and a medical elixir. Coca-Cola was named by Frank Robinson, one of Pemberton's close friends, he also penned the famous Coca-Cola logo in unique script. Dr. John Pemberton sold a portion of the Coca-Cola company to Asa Candler, after Pemberton's death the remainder was sold to Candler. Pemberton was forced to sell because he was in a state of poor health and was in debt. He had paid $76.96 for advertising, but he only made $50.00 in profits. Candler acquired the whole company for $2,300. Candler achieved a lot during his time as owner of the company. On January 31,1893, the famous Coca-Cola formula was patented. He also opened the first syrup manufacturing plant in 1884. His great achievement was large scale bottling of Coca-Cola in 1899. In 1915, The Root Glass Company made the contour bottle for the Coca-Cola company. Candler aggressively advertised Coca-Cola in newspapers and on billboards. In the newspapers, he would give away coupons for a free Coke at any fountain. Coca-Cola was sold a... Free Essays on Coca Cola John Pemberton invented Coca Cola in 1886. He was a pharmacist who worked in Atlanta, Georgia. John made patent medicines and produced Coca Cola. His bookkeeper, Frank Robinson thought of the name because it was made of coca leaves and kola nuts. In John’s first year of selling Coca Cola he only made fifty dollars. John became very ill and he sold two-thirds of his company in 1888. John died. A man named Asa Candler, an Atlanta wholesale druggist, and his brother bought The Coca Cola Company for 2,300 dollars in 1891. Coca Cola was registered for a patented trademark in 1893. Since it was made with cocaine, Asa reduced the amount of coca leaves because of the dangers of cocaine. Asa only had a patent on the name and not the drink syrup itself. Other companies made soda with coca nuts such as the Pepsi company, which was Coca Cola’s major competitor. Asa spent 11,000 dollars on advertisement. The logo was shown on walls, posters, calendars and drinking glasses. A candy store owner installed bottled machines which had bottled coke but before it was only sold in soda fountains. In 1894 the company opened its first production plant in Dallas, Texas. In 1915 Asa Candler retired from the coca cola company and into politics. He passed it on to his children. Later he was elected mayor of Atlanta. In 1899 Benjamin Thomas and Joseph Whitehead, from Chattanooga, Tennessee, bought rights to distribute Coke syrup to bottlers for only one dollar. Asa saw very little profit in bottling and wanted to give up that part of the business. Benjamin and Joseph split their partnership because of time and money. In 1919, the whole Candler family sold the Coca Cola Company to Ernest Woodruff for twenty-five million dollars. In 1923, Ernest’s son, Robert, was elected the companies president. Robert made two new slogans which were â€Å"The pause that refreshes† and â€Å"It’s the real thing†. During World War II, Ernest Woodruff increased Cokeï ¿ ½... Free Essays on Coca Cola The Coca-Cola company started out as an insignificant one man business and over the last one hundred and ten years it has grown into one of the largest companies in the world. The first operator of the company was Dr. John Pemberton and the current operator is Roberto Goizueta. Without societies help, Coca-Cola could not have become over a 50 billion dollar business. Coca-Cola was invented by Dr. John Pemberton, an Atlanta pharmacist. He concocted the formula in a three legged brass kettle in his backyard on May 8, 1886. He mixed a combination of lime, cinnamon, coca leaves, and the seeds of a Brazilian shrub to make the fabulous beverage. Coca-Cola debuted in Atlanta's largest pharmacy, Jacob's Pharmacy, as a five cent non-carbonated beverage. Later on, the carbonated water was added to the syrup to make the beverage that we know today as Coca-Cola. Coca-Cola was originally used as a nerve and brain tonic and a medical elixir. Coca-Cola was named by Frank Robinson, one of Pemberton's close friends, he also penned the famous Coca-Cola logo in unique script. Dr. John Pemberton sold a portion of the Coca-Cola company to Asa Candler, after Pemberton's death the remainder was sold to Candler. Pemberton was forced to sell because he was in a state of poor health and was in debt. He had paid $76.96 for advertising, but he only made $50.00 in profits. Candler acquired the whole company for $2,300. Candler achieved a lot during his time as owner of the company. On January 31, 1893, the famous Coca-Cola formula was patented. He also opened the first syrup manufacturing plant in 1884. His great achievement was large scale bottling of Coca-Cola in 1899. In 1915, The Root Glass Company made the contour bottle for the Coca-Cola company. Candler aggressively advertised Coca-Cola in newspapers and on billboards. In the newspapers, he would give away coupons for a free Coke at any fountain. Coca-Cola was sold after the Prohibition Era t...

The Health and Pollution Risks of Charcoal Grilling

The Health and Pollution Risks of Charcoal Grilling Cooking with grills can be problematic for two reasons. First, both charcoal and wood burn â€Å"dirty,† producing not only hydrocarbons but also tiny soot particles that pollute the air and can aggravate heart and lung problems. Secondly, the grilling of meat can form two kinds of potentially carcinogenic compounds in the cooked meat: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heterocyclic amines (HCAs). Charcoal Grilling May Pose Cancer Risks According to the American Cancer Society, PAHs form when fat from meat drips onto the charcoal. They then rise with the smoke and can get deposited on the food. They can also form directly on the food as it is charred. The hotter the temperature and the longer the meat cooks, the more HCAs are formed. HCAs can also form on broiled and pan-fried beef, pork, fowl, and fish. In fact, National Cancer Institute researchers have identified 17 different HCAs that result from cooking â€Å"muscle meats,† HCAs that may pose human cancer risks. Studies have also shown an increased risk of colorectal, pancreatic, and breast cancers associated with high intakes of well done, fried, or barbequed meats. Cooking With Charcoal Grills Adds to Air Pollution According to the Texas Commission on Environmental Air Quality, Texans who like to say that they â€Å"live and breathe barbecue† may be doing just that to the detriment of their health. A 2003 study by scientists from Rice University found that microscopic bits of polyunsaturated fatty acids released into the atmosphere from cooking meat on backyard barbecues were helping to pollute the air in Houston. The city at times registers air quality levels that rank it one of the more polluted urban areas in the United State. Emissions from barbecues, however, are certainly dwarfed by those generated by motor vehicles and industry. Both briquettes and lump charcoal create air pollution. The production of lump charcoal, made from charred wood to add flavor, creates other environmental hazards. Their production contributes to deforestation and adds to the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Charcoal briquettes do have the benefit of being made partly from sawdust, which is a good use of waste wood. Popular brands, however, may also contain coal dust, starch, sodium nitrate, limestone, and borax. Canada Considers Charcoal Hazardous In Canada, charcoal is now a restricted product under the Hazardous Products Act. According to the Canadian Department of Justice, charcoal briquettes in bags that are advertised, imported to, or sold in Canada must display a label warning of the potential hazards of the product. No such requirements presently exist in the United States. Avoid Health Risks by Using Natural Charcoal Consumers can avoid exposure to these potentially harmful additives by sticking with so-called natural charcoal brands. Look for charcoal made of 100 percent hardwood and containing no coal, oil, limestone, or petroleum products. Third-party certification programs, like the Forest Stewardship Council, can help choose products that are harvested in a sustainable fashion. Edited by Frederic Beaudry.

Cellular Network Comparisons Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cellular Network Comparisons - Essay Example Some the cellular networks include; UMTS, EV-DO, LTE, WiMax and Satellite (Kostas 38)2. The UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) is known as the third world (3G) wireless frequency that is used on the (GSM) Global System for Mobile communication, to convey text, audiovisual, digitized voice as well as multimedia (Markus 62)3. The network architecture of UMTS entails simply of enodeBs continuously on the network. The functional components of UMTS are User Equipment (EU), the essential network as well as the Radio Network System (RNS) which delivers then bring about air interface fort and the call processing of UMTS involves controlling the call operating layer nodes. The weakness of UMTS might be distortion and weak signal while its strength is linked to the high speed to transfer voice as well as mobile data (Markus 93).The EV-DO (Evolution Data Only or Evolution Data Optimized) is a procedure intended to transfer high speed moveable data as well as voice (Markus 72). EV -DO network architecture is centered on wireless Internet Protocol architecture while the functional components of EV-DO are the Core Network (CN), the Radio Access Networks (RAN) and the Mobile Station (MS). The call processing are boosted by IS -95 over high speed data period. The weakness of EV-DO may be distortion as well as weak signal while its strength is allied to the high speed to convey voice plus wireless data (Markus 493). LTE (Long Term Evolution) is a  standard wireless communication, legally submitted as a contender  for a 4G  structure to  ITU-T. LTE is still on Continual architecture network improvement radio technology and its functional component was tested publicized and the achievement of a 4G trial where it succeeded an extreme  packet  its strength broadcast rate of about 5  Gbit/s in the downlink consuming 100  MHz frequency bandwidth to a wireless place stirring at 10  km/h while LTE weakness might be distortion as well as streaming signal. The WiMax refers to Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, the WiMax network architecture is built on the Internet Protocol based where the network is split into three rations called ASN (the access service networks,) the mobile stations (MS) and the connectivity service network (CSN) which runs Internet Protocol linkage (Goff 77)4. The functional components of WiMax cellular network are the BS (base station), the connectivity service network (CSN) as well as the ASN-GW (access service network gateway) (Goff 66). Call process of WiMax session is started once the mobile station (MS) effectively complete the method of linking into the network, thus necessitates opening BCE Basic Capability Exchange, the recording and verification and Internet Protocol obligations. WiMax Strengths is that it is easily accessed, inexpensive and applied effortlessly, WiMax has a wireless broadband that alternate to Cable (Goff 300) while WiMax weakness is that the set up cost is costly, strang ely limited personnel may be capable, and WiMax networking safety might be weak (Goff 340). Satellite is a technology used to communication and is positioned into orbit by human endeavor. The functional component of human made satellite in the delivering of its mandate to cellular networks is to offer communication proficiencies

Dose spirituality have a place in the organisation when a manager is Research Paper

Dose spirituality have a place in the organisation when a manager is tackling issue such as sustainability - Research Paper Example also involves the psychological contract that exists between the employee and the organization for acknowledging the connectivity to the humanity, ecology, community, selfless work, integrity, and care. Fornaciari and Dean (2001) argue that, it has facilitated the linkage to ethics and values in order to allow for the alignment of the organization values in accordance to their philosophical or religious roots. Through this, the managers are able to understand spiritual yearnings of the employees in order to help them in establishing ways for addressing the work of the organization. Mohamed, Wisnieski, Askar and Syed (2004) explains that, it also provides with a deeper allegiance that increases the discretionally effort that in turn fosters the organization sustainability. In the instances of the employee motivation being low, the engagement of the employee to the flourishing of the organizational leads to the profits that are targeted also for the sustainability of the organization. The spirituality in the organization encourages employees to flourish thus leading to a good organizational performance improvement, thus the spiritual initiatives tend to have the influence on the financial return. Foundation for workplace spirituality. (2006). Resources: Organizational spirituality – away with the fairies. Retrieved on 9 march 2012 from

A Critical Discussion on the Issue of Gay Marriage Essay

A Critical Discussion on the Issue of Gay Marriage - Essay Example For the purpose of arguments, the term traditional marriage will represent a marriage between consenting adults of opposite genders, and the term gay marriage will relate to male/male, female/female as well as transgender marriage. One could argue that the majority of arguments against gay marriage are moralistic in nature. The first such example is those gay relationships and by extension gay marriage are forbidden by most religious texts. By contrast, traditional marriages are held up as the preferred model using religious texts. According to Eckholm (2011), it was identified that homosexuality in regards to the Christian faith was not in accordance with God's law on sexual morality. Some people who oppose gay marriage would do so because they differentiate between religious and civil unions. As such, some people only recognize religious unions and in specific terms oppose the idea of the state overseeing and approving marriages. As gay relationships are forbidden in religious text s then gay marriage would represent a sort of sacrilege and people who adhere to a religious lifestyle may oppose gay marriages for this reason. ... From this perspective, it could also be argued that gay marriages represent a sort of slippery slope that will ultimately lead to the destruction of traditional marriages and by extension the collapse of 'traditional' society. The reasoning behind this argument is that in the eyes of some people who oppose gay marriage, the very institution of traditional marriage is for couples to raise children in a wholesome family-oriented environment, and these children go on to live productive lives and raise children of their own (Presumably also in a wholesome family environment). As is the case that gay couples cannot conceive children on their own, then gay marriage will be built on a foundation that is not considered traditional. As such some people who oppose gay marriage would do so as a means of preserving traditional societal norms.  

History of All Saints Church Margaret Street

History of All Saints Church Margaret Street 1.0 INTRODUCTION Figure 1: All Saints Margaret Street All Saints Margaret Street, (1849-59) a almost hidden beautiful church that luckily had pointed out by Hengry-Russell Hitchcock more than 40 years ago and now the church had listed Grade 1 Anglican Church in London, England(1).William Butterfield was the architect who designed this building and this church had been said as Butterfield’s masterpiece.  This church marks a turning point in the Gothic Revival building style it’s also a leading building on High Victorian Gothic style that can potray British architecture around 1850 to 1870.This church was built as a model church of Ecclesiological Society(2)and the church stands on the north side of Margaret street in Fitzrovia, that’s a place near Oxford Street. Its located in an extremely narrow site and is set back from mainstreet in a delightful court yard between the vicarage and the choir school.(3) __________________________________________________________ (1) Saints, Margaret Street, available on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Saints,_Margaret_Street, accessed on 3th May 2015, 04;45pm. (2) Sir Banister Fletcher, A History of Architecture Nineteenth Edition, England, Borough Green, Sevenoaks, Kent TN15 8PH, UK, page 1095 (3) All Saints Margaret Street-London’s Hidden Victorian Gothic Masterpiece, available on http://www.guidedwalksinlondon.co.uk/blog/read_81612/all-saints-margaret-street-londons-hidden-victorian-gothic-masterpiece.html, accessed on 3th May 2015, 05;05pm. 2.0 Building History Figure2: Frederick Oakeley Portrait Source: available on http://www.hymnary.org/person/Oakeley_F accessed on 6th May 2015, 01:01am Figure 3: William Dodsworth portrait Source: available on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Dodsworth accessed on 6th May 2015, 01:03 am All Saints got a lot of history that when it stands on Margaret Street since 1760s.The church had proceeded a lots of thing such as the various gradation of Dissent and Low-Churchism until 1829, William Dodsworth that’s a Tractarian become the chapel’s incumbent and he later converted to Roman Catholicism, same like one of his successors who are Federick Oakeley. Federick Oakeley said the chapel as ’a complete paragon of ugliness’ it means that he don’t like the chapel design and think it was very ugly at the time before he resign the chapel’s inclument and this word had gave the Idea to rebuild the chapel as the correct ecclesiastical style that he think about. This rebuilding chapel idea had success collected a sum of almost  £30, 000 for the rebuilding purpose. After this scheme he was succeeded by his assistant that is William Upton Richards and he was decided to carry on this rebuilding chapel plan. In 1845, Alexander Beresford said that this plan can combined with the project of the Cambridge Camden Society that they want to found a model church and his proposal had approved by Upton Richards, George Chandler who are the rector of ALL Souls, and Charles Blomfield, the Bishop of London. Sir Stephen Glynne and Sir Alexander Beresford Hope had appointed by the Cambridge Camden Society to take the fully control and oversee work of the architectural and ecclesiological aspects. Sir Stephen Glynne was unable to actively participate in this project and only Sir Alexander Beresford Hope took the charge of this rebuilding project.(4) After the plan had confirmed, William Butterfield was selected as the architect of this rebuild chapel project and this is a curious choice and they also paid Margaret street  £14, 500.(4)The last services for the old chapel was on Easter Monday, 1850.After that the foundation stone of the new building was laid All Saints’ Day of the year by Edward Bouverie Pusey. The services was held on the other temporary chapel that’s in Titchfield Street for the next nine years because of the rebuild construction for the new chapel. On 28 May 1859, the new church was finally finished the rebuild and the chapel had consecrated by Dr Trait who are the Bishop of London at that time(5). The total cost for the new church was a highly cost, including the site cost and endowments the cost was around  £70, 000. The donation helped the church a lot on this rebuilt project. ___________________________________ (4) English Church Architecture- City of Westminister: London Borough. All Saints, Margaret Street (TQ 292 815) available on http://www.english-church-architecture.net/london city of westminster/all saints, margaret street/all_saints, _margaret_street.htm, accessed on 6th May 2015, on 01:29 am. (5)All Saints, Margaret Street , available on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Saints, _Margaret_Street, accessed on 6th May 2015, on 01:40AM. 3.0 Architecture of Building All Saints by William Butterfield had brought a new grandeur to the Gothic Revival building style and the Gothic Revival style was popular during the 1800s.’Structural Polychromy’ had became Butterfield’s habitual contribution to the Gothic Revivalist style of church architecture and the structural polychromy is the used of coloured material especially stone and bricks and tiles to make a building where colour and pattern are special in the structure. (6) In 2014 Simon Thurley who are the Chief Executive of English Heritage had listed All Saints as one of the ten most important building in England. Sir John Betjeman had said the design of the church showed Butterfield ‘going on from where the Middle Age left off’. Charles Locke Eastlake who was the 19th century architect and writer had wrote Butterfield’s design was ’a bold and magnificent endeavor to shake off the trammels of antiquarian precedent, which had long fettered the progress of the Revival, to create not a new style , but development of previous styles’. John Ruskin the Victorian critic had wrote something after seeing All Saints and he wrote’ Having done this, we may do anything;†¦and I believe it to be possible for us, not only to equal, but far to surpass, in some respects, any Gothic yet seen in Northern countries.(7) ___________________________________ (6) All Saints’ Church, Margaret Street, Church London, United Kingdom, available on http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/15911/All-Saints-Church-Margaret-Street, accessed on 6th May 2015, 01:59 AM. (7) All Saints, Margaret Street , available on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Saints, _Margaret_Street, accessed on 6th May 2015, on 02:28AM. Figure 4: All Saints, Margaret Street exterior Source: available on http://www.londonarchitectureblog.com/search?q=all+saints+margaret+street+ accessed on 6th May 2015, 07:30AM 3.1 Building Exterior For the building exterior William Butterfield had use the innovate building material that is red brick. The church’s contrast to the other Gothic Revival churches of the 1840s that is common built by the grey Kentish ragstone and All Saints had been built by the red bricks. At that time most of the cheap churches use the red brick as the building material but Butterfield chose the red brick and this church is the first important building where brick was used decoratively. The red brick will banded and patterned with the black bricks and the sipre is banded with stone. All the decoration will make into the structure and this made All Saints the first example of ‘structure polychromy’ in London.(8) The broach spire soaring 69 meter high and it was the second height in London and it still visible above and between the shops at a few of point along the Oxford street. The columns internally include Aberdeen granite, serpentine, veined alabaster, the so-called Derbyshir e fossil ‘marble’ actually is a hard limestone capable of taking polish and among the true marbles, red Languedoc, yellow Sienna and green Connemara. And this such a palette actually rather cosmopolitan for William Butterfield that showed he was discriminate in favor for vernacular materials. William Butterfield had made his the best use of the limited space that available such about 100’ square that is church guide and placing his church along the back and setting out a courtyard at the front, covered by the place of vicar stay that’s call vicarage on the right side and a parish on the left side. The only windows able to be constructed in the North side of the clerestory because of adjoined other buildings to the north and east. The tower is the most striking feature for the external which has angle buttresses reaching up to the base of the bellstage and the bell-opening stands of two very tall and narrow. Two–light geometric bell-opening per wall and set together in the recessed rectangles with denticulation in moulded brick above.and a needle spire which is clearly the product its author. The pattern in the brickwork at the church consist chiefly of a rich of horizontal bands, zigzag and lozenges(9). As All Saints was a metropolitan church and there was a plenty of money available for the church rebuild, William Butterfield no need to limit himself on the basis of the generous capital for him to design this masterpiece. The church had success absorb people attention and although it had its critics and it was potent source for an entire generation of British architects. ___________________________________ (8) All Saints, Margaret Street , available on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Saints, _Margaret_Street, accessed on 6th May 2015, on 07:58 AM (9) ) English Church Architecture- City of Westminister: London Borough. All Saints, Margaret Street (TQ 292 815) available on http://www.english-church-architecture.net/london city of westminster/all saints, margaret street/all_saints, _margaret_street.htm, accessed on 6th May 2015, on 08:20 am. 3.2 Building Interior Figure 5: All Saints Margaret Street’s interior, available on http://www.londonarchitectureblog.com/search?q=all+saints+margaret+street+, accessed on 6th May 2015 10:30AM All Saints, Margaret Street also very famous for its beautiful interior design and decoration. The interior of All Saints is more brightly coloured than the exterior of the church. The church’s interior is richly decorated with granite, marble, alabaster and tiles. Nikolaus Pevsner, the architectural historian had telling the church’s interior as ’dazzling, through in an eminently High Victorian ostentatiousness or obtrusiveness. †¦No part the wall is left undecorated. From everywhere the praise of the Lord is drummed into you. Figure 6:Church’s layout plan of the church from the 1856 Builder, available on http://www.victorianweb.org/art/architecture/butterfield/6.html, accessed on 6th May 2015, 11:05AM A three-bay nave and two-bay chancel running along the center had formed in the building. On the North side, from the west to east that’s a three-bay aisle, a short Lady Chapel and organ chamber that’s terminate about half a bay short of the East. At the south that’s a two-bay aisle alongside the two eastern bays of the nave, leading into another chapel with vestry far to the east, and into a baptistery surmounted by the tower and spire to the west side and there is also a small S. porch. The baptistery is divided by a solid wall that’s from the westernmost bay of the nave, no scared about the structural necessity because the wall can support the weight of the tower above(10). That’s a series of painting on decorated wall covered at the east wall of the chanel that’s painted by Ninian Comper in 1909 and William Dyce was the people who work as the restoration at the earlier time. At the north side wall a large ceramic tile freized had been dec orated at there and designed by William Butterfield. The wall describe out a variety of figures from the Old Testament, a central Navity scene depictions of Early Church Fatherd and it painted by Alexander Gibbs and fired by Hengry Poole and Sons in 1873(10).The stained glass windows are limited in the church because of the density of the buildings around All Saints and that are mostly located in the upper part of the building. Alfred Gerente but this designed the original windows but his work was not held in high regard and then replaced. The originally fitted largest west window by Gerente in 1853-1858 was replaced in 1877 by a design by Alexander Gribbs based on the Tree of Jesse window in Wells Cathedral. The clerestory’s glass date from 1853 and Michael O’Connor designed the east window of the south chancel aisle which show Christ in Majesty with ST Edward and St Augustine. The baptistery in the south-west corner of the church was features an image of the Pelican in her Piety in the ceiling tiles that’s a symbol of the fall and redemption of man(11). The nave arcades are formed by cluster of four major and four minor deeply-cut stiff leaf capitals, supporting two centred arches bearing waves and rolls with fillets. The church’s spandrels are decorated embed b the coloured stone and mastic. The nave roof is characterized above all by the way in which its painted arched support simulate stone. The painted wall tiles was depicting between other tableaus. The chancel arch from the corbel shafts and half arches had cross the aisles between the aisles and chapels. The chancel had vaulted in two quadripartile bays and add of a ridge rib which done by William Butterfield and the wall were painted and gilded shortly as what William Butterfield wished. The Minton floor-tile patterns cover the the All Saints show the ordinary build-up in effect as on e passes from east to west. As usual, Butterfield was very attention on his font and pulpit. Maybe the pulpit is a little heavy but the decoration is still very nice. The brown marble shafts with stiff leaf capitals supported the drum and the green narrower shafts surrounded it.(12) ___________________________________ (10) All Saints, Margaret Street , available on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Saints, _Margaret_Street, accessed on 6th May 2015, on 09:20 AM. (11) All Saints, Margaret Street , available on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Saints, _Margaret_Street, accessed on 7th May 2015, on 10:05 AM. (12) ) English Church Architecture- City of Westminister: London Borough. All Saints, Margaret Street (TQ 292 815) available on http://www.english-church-architecture.net/london city of westminster/all saints, margaret street/all_saints, _margaret_street.htm, accessed on 8th May 2015 on 11:30 AM. 4.0 ARCHITECT, WILLIAM BUTTERFIELD Figure 7: William Butterfield’s portrait Source: William Butterfield available on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Butterfield accessed on 8th May 2015, 01:39 PM William Butterfield, born on 7 September 1814 and dead on 23 February 1900 when he was 85 years old. A British architect influential in the Gothic Revival architecture style in England. Sometime he had been called as the Oxford movement’s most original architect and he also introduced an architectural realism that’s including materials of contrasting textures and colorful patterns clearly expressed. He is also noted for his polychromy that’s the practice of decorating architectural element, sculpture that’s in a variety colour..Conservative estimates he had done 25 architectural projects included churches, school and hospital, 67 drawings are design for the ecclesiastical objects.(13) 4.1 BIOGRAPHY William Butterfield was one of the nine children in his family and he live in a seriously non-conformist family but he was a very high church despite his non-conformist family .His father operated a chemist’s shop in The Strand, London(14). He was educated locally until he was 16 years old he started apprenticed to a builder in Pimlico that’s name Thomas Arber. But later William Butterfield later went to study architecture with an architect name EL Blackburn because of the Thomas Barber later went bankrupt. After his study he became an assistant and articled to an architect name Harvey Eginton that’s practicing in Worceseter . In 1840 he moved back to where he belong and launched his own architectural practice at Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London, England. This was the early life of the William Butterfield but his early life did not change his career and his architectural concept in the future.(15) From 1842 William Butterfield associate vigorously with the Cam bridge Camden Society and later develop into the Ecclesiological Society. This Society was set up by the students of Cambridge Univesity and they set up this society is for studying Gothic architecture in general and church in particular. They became one of the effect in advocate a return to the Gothic Style of architecture in England. He gave a lot of designs to the Society’s journal that’s The Ecclesiologist at the caught up in the Oxford Movement that’s a serious movement begun by John Keble that’s aim for reinvigorate the English Anglican Church. William Butterfield’s design was in a mediaval Gothic style that’s known as Gothic Revival or Victorian Gothic. Many buildings include his style such as churches, secular buildings that’s schools and colleges(16). One of his church design was All Saints, Margaret Street, in London that’s a style of building rapidly increasing throughout Britain and to every corner of the Empire in every urban buildings and churches alike. After All Saints, Margaret Street he went to design other churches, but there is one building he will remember all the time that’s Keble College, Oxford University.(17) The college was unanimously of red bricks and emphasize with black and white brick to make creation of chequerboard patterns. The chapel had been called a ‘monument to High Victorian Gothic’ it also called as he masterpiece to the High Victorian Gothic. The best thing for the chapel that’s William Butterfield think was it contains Holman’s painting ‘The Light of The World’. Unfortunately, William Butterfield’s polychrome style like all things in the world of art and architecture.it faded. After year 1875, the public begin to forget his design and he became less in requirement in the public. William Butterfield had put all of himself to his interests beyond architecture and used his hand and knowledge to design the church interior decoration and future. He liked to use the high quality and durable material in all of his design. He was such a quiet man but he got a deeply religious for his conviction. Rigid and austere was his personal priciples and this principle showed on his design. He know how to use the polychrome scheme with a strong massing of shapes and the high steeples. He also used very strong colour but he preferred not to spoiled the colour of the materials provided. He used the marble, alabaster, stone, brick, colour tile and also mosaic that extensively to provide decorative colour for his philosophy(18). The famous buildings William Butterfield had design was Balliol College Chapel, Oxford , St Augustine’s Church in Penarth Glamorgan), Rugby School, Dorchester Abbey. In year 1884, William Butterfield received an award that’s RIBA Gold Medal. After 6 years in 1900 , he dead in London. He was buried in Tottenham Cemetery, Haringey that’s North side of London. The grave can saw easily from the public path through the cemetery. A blue plaque had simply states â€Å"William Butterfield, 1814-1900, Architect lived here† and just simply recognized on it.